Title: Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
1Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
Section A
Computer Basics
CHAPTER 1
PARSONS/OJA
Page 2
2Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
Chapter 1
Chapter PREVIEW
- After this chapter, you should be able to
- Describe the functions of a computer system
- Identify the components of a personal computer
system - Describe operating systems
- Describe Internet communications and basic
features - Explain how an e-mail system works
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3Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What are the functions of a computer system?
- (1) accepts data as input, (2) processes data,
(3) stores data, 4) produces output
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4Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Input
- Input provides data for the computing system
- Words in a document
- Numbers for a calculation
- Pictures
- Automation
- Scanners
- EDI
- Reduce errors
- Fast
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5Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Input
- Voice Recognition
- Problems
- Training software
- Clear and precise enunciation
- Background noise
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6Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Processing
- Processing is the way that a computer manipulates
data - performing calculations
- sorting lists and numbers
- drawing graphs
- A computer processes data in a device called the
central processing unit (CPU)
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7Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Data, Information, and Files
- Data is defined as the symbols, raw facts or
figures that represent people, events, things and
ideas - Information is data that is presented in a format
people can understand and use - Computers store data in digital format as a
series of 1s and 0s. - Each 1 or 0 is called a bit
- Eight bits is called a byte
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8Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Output
- Computer output is the results produced by the
computer - reports
- documents
- music
- graphs
- pictures
- An output device displays, prints or transmits
the results of processing
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9Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Storage
- A computer stores data so that it will be
available for processing - Memory is an area of a computer that holds data
that is waiting to be processed and for later use - Temporary
- Storage is the area where data can be left on a
permanent basis
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10Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Whats so significant about a computers
ability to store instructions?
- A stored program means that a series of
instructions for a computing task can be loaded
into a computers memory - This concept allows you to use your computer for
multiple tasks over and over again
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11Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
A computer stores data in files, right?
- A file is a named collection of data that exists
on a storage medium - A data file contains data such as the text for a
document - Generally what you create
- An executable file contains the programs or
instructions that tell a computer how to perform
a specific task - A filename extension describes a files contents
- EXE
- GIF
- Back-up of computer files
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12Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What is a personal computer system?
- A personal computer system consists of the
following - Computer system unit
- Display device
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Floppy disk drive
- Hard disk drive
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13Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What is a personal computer system?
Section A
- CD-ROM or DVD drive / CD-writer
- Sound card and speakers
- Modem
- Printer
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14Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What is a personal computer system?
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15Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What is a peripheral device?
- A peripheral device designates equipment that
might be added to a computer to enhance its
functionality - Printer
- Digital camera
- Scanner
- Joystick
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16Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Application Software and Operating Systems
Basics
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17Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What is application software?
- Application software is a set of computer
programs that helps a person carry out a task - Create, edit, and print documents
- Manage money accounts
- Create and edit home movies
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18Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
Is an operating system some type of application
software?
- An operating system is essentially the master
controller for all activities that take place
within a computer - Acts as a go between for application software
and hardware - Why you know the name Bill Gates
- Does this give Microsoft an advantage in
developing application software???
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19Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What are the most popular operating systems?
- Microsoft Windows
- Microsoft Antitrust case
- Microsoft required computer makers to install
Internet Explorer if they wanted to use Windows
95 - Designed to eliminate Netscape Navigator??
- Federal judge ruled Microsoft was a monopoly and
was abusing this power - Thankfully (for Microsoft) Bush was elected
President and settlement was negotiated
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20Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
What are the most popular operating systems?
- Mac OS
- Why you cant run application software designed
for Windows on a Mac - Linux
- Free operating system
- Stable
- Uses hardware efficiently
- Threat to Microsofts stranglehold on operating
systems? - Unix
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21Computer Basics
Section A
Chapter 1
How does an operating system affect
compatibility?
- Two of the most important factors that influence
compatibility and define a computers platform
are the microprocessor and the operating system - Wintel
- Intel is the dominant force in microprocessors
- Windows is the primary operating system
- As a result, Microsoft and Intel have an
extraordinary amount of clout in the computer
industry
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22Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
How does the Internet work?
- The Internet is an international computer network
linked together to exchange data and distribute
processing tasks - Developed from a military project to harden
data communications infrastructure - Discussed further in Chapter 5
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23Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
Where is all of the Internet data stored?
- It is estimated that the Internet provides access
to more data than is stored in all the academic
research libraries in the U. S. - Most of the information is stored on servers
which are owned and maintained by government
agencies, corporations, small businesses,
schools, organizations, and even individuals
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24Web Basics
Section C
Chapter 1
What is the Web?
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - the Internet
address of a document on a computer - begin with http//
- HTTP protocol that allows Web browsers to
communicate with Web servers
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25Web Basics
Section C
Chapter 1
What is a browser?
- Web browsers software for accessing many types
of servers - Internet Explorer
- Netscape
- Application software or system software?
- A browser retrieves and displays web pages
- HTML commands controlling the display of the web
pages
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26Web Basics
Section C
Chapter 1
Exactly what does a browser do?
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27Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
Internet Service Providers Whats an ISP?
- An ISP provides Internet access to businesses,
organizations, and individuals - Local ISP Consolidated Communications
- National ISP AOL, MSN
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28Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
User IDs and Passwords
- A user ID characters that becomes a persons
unique identifier - A password is a different series of characters
that verifies your identity
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29Passwords
- What not to use
- any form of any name
- any or part of your user id
- phone number, birthday or anniversary
- license plate, social security or any number
- any word
- less than six characters
- software to crack passwords
30Passwords
- What to use
- easy to remember
- at least six characters
- can be typed quickly
- combination of letters, numbers, symbols
- 3nu7
31Passwords
- Creating easy and secure passwords
- an acronym, e.g. IlBUS1950!
- the first letters and numbers of a sentence.
- ImtTi1978.
- I moved to Texas in 1978.
- choose two short words and combine them with a
punctuation character - eiucold
32Passwords
- Dont
- write it down
- check Remember my password
- use simple reminders
- Do
- Change your password every two months
- Create different passwords for different types of
accounts - Low security WebCT
- High security Online banking
33Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
What sort of resources does the Internet
provide?
- Web Sites
- Search engines
- E-commerce Chapter 6
- E-mail
- Chat groups and instant messaging
- Internet telephony
- Broadcasting
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34Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
What sort of resources does the Internet
provide?
- Web Sites corporations, stores, magazines, and
more - Domain names www.ford.com
- Not incredibly expensive
- First come, first served www.isu.edu
- mcgradyproperties.com
- Cybersquatting
- McDonalds.com
- Lawsuits
- Reynolds.com
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35Search engines
36Web Basics
Section C
Chapter 1
Search Engines
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37Search engines
Some web page owners pay to have their pages
shown when you search for commercial topics
38Web Basics
Section C
Chapter 1
How do I use a form to find information?
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39Search engines
Only 60 overlap in search engine content
When should you use Yahoo instead of a search
engine??
40Internet Basics
Section B
Chapter 1
What sort of resources does the Internet
provide?
- Chat groups and instant messaging interaction
between users in real time - Internet telephony telephone-style
conversations - Broadcasting multicasting technology
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41E-mail Basics
Section D
Chapter 1
How do POP and SMTP work?
- POP server stores your incoming messages until
they can be transferred to your computer - Using POP mail requires e-mail client software
such as Microsoft Outlook - Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server
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42E-Mail
Use bcc to quickly send messages to multiple
significant others???
43E-Mail
If you reply to a message from the class listserv
(the class e-mail list), who will receive your
reply???
44E-MAIL
Should you keep 472 messages in your In Box???
45E-MAIL
Should you respond to junk mail messages to
unsubscribe from mailing lists???
46E-MAIL
Should employers monitor e-mail messages of their
employees???
Arcola
Donnelleys
Microsoft
Merrill Lynch
Bank of America
47E-mail Basics
Section D
Chapter 1
Whats an e-mail attachment?
- An e-mail attachment is a file that travels with
a message to the recipient - Easy way to send a virus
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