Atomic and Ionic Radii

1
Atomic and Ionic Radii

• By,
• Emily Gitt,
• Greg Nicol,
• CJ Riutzel,
• Jordan Freeman

2

• The atomic radii are the distance from the
  nucleus to the furthest stable electron orbital.
• Atomic radii is used to determine the average
  length of the bond between two atoms.
• The increasing of the shell and increasing
  nuclear charge explains why the radii decreases
  from left to right on the periodic table. There
  are less electrons in the valence shell on the
  left and as you move to the right the number of
  electrons increases which causes the atom to be
  smaller because the electrons pulled in with a
  large force because of the greater attraction
  between the electrons and the nucleus.
• The columns will increase as you move down. The
  orbital get larger as you work your way down the
  table as the atomic numbers increase as well.

3

• Along a period, atoms gain electrons while
  remaining in the same valence shell. As electrons
  are added to a valence shell, the effective
  nuclear charge of that atom increases. Due to the
  increase in effective charge, the electrons are
  pulled closer to the nucleus, decreasing the
  atomic and ionic radii.

4

• The relationship between the atoms in the
  periodic table has everything to do with
  effective nuclear charge. Below is a scatter plot
  which shows the radius in relation to the atomic
  number. The reason that the atoms with the
  valence electrons in the S sub-level are larger
  than any of the others is that the electrons do
  not feel a very strong pull, because the
  effective nuclear charge is small. As you move to
  the higher levels, as explained before, the
  effective nuclear charge increases, and the
  electrons pull in closer, creating a smaller
  atom, and a smaller radius.

5

• The trends in the atomic radius in the periodic
  table form a pattern, but it depends on which
  measure of atomic radii you use.When metallic
  radii and covalent radii are combined they form a
  covalent bond. The measure of atomic radius is
  called the van der Waals, also know as
  unsquashed.At the end of the periodic table
  you have to ignore the noble gas because neon
  and argon dont form a bond therefore, you can
  only measure their van der Waals.