Essie Fallahi , Bahar Fallahi, Bahman Shafii Pomology Program University of Idaho, Idaho, USA Jim McFerson Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission Washington, USA

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Essie Fallahi , Bahar Fallahi, Bahman
ShafiiPomology ProgramUniversity of Idaho,
Idaho, USAJim McFersonWashington Tree Fruit
Research Commission Washington, USA
The Impact of Rootstock and Irrigation on Water
Use, Tree Growth, Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit
Quality of 'Pacific Gala' Apple
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• Rootstocks for Gala
• Bud 9
• RN29 (Nic 9)
• Supporter 4
• GC 30
• Irrigation for Gala
• Micro-Sprinkler
• Drip

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View of Fertigation System
Fertigation Valves
Draining Valve
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Experimental Design for Pacific Gala Complete
Randomized Block Split Plots, Drip or Sprinkler
as Main Plot, Four Rootstocks as Sub-Plot, with
Five Blocks of 10 trees
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Full Sprinkler System
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Drip System for Pacific Gala
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Subsurface Drip Lines
Two 20 PSI Pressure Regulators
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Water Budget Calculations

• ET c Kc x ETr
• ETr from Agrimet, U of I Pomology Orchard
• Kc Calculated based on Canopy Maturity etc.
• Canopy Maturity Calculation M 3.05 2.558 x
  (GS) -0.016 x (GS)2
• Liters of Water Needed Per Tree in Full
  Drip0.623 x ET c Efficiency x 5 x 14 x GS x
  3.785

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Amount of Water in Inches Per Acre Applied to
Pacific Gala During Each Month of 2007
308 mm
167 mm
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• Total Water Applied to Autumn Rose Fuji During
  2003

28.72 718 mm
72 less water with drip as compared to Micro-Jet
Sprinkler
8.69 217 mm
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• Total Water Applied to Autumn Rose Fuji During
  2004

32 or 800 mm
56 less water with drip as compared to Micro-Jet
Sprinkler
14 or 350 mm
Sprinkler
Drip
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• Total Water Applied to Autumn Rose Fuji During
  2005

35 875 mm
41.1 less water with drip as compared to
Micro-Jet Sprinkler
23 575 mm
Sprinkler
Drip
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• Total Water Applied to Autumn Rose Fuji During
  2006

38 950 mm
38.1 less water with drip as compared to
Micro-Jet Sprinkler
23 575 mm
Sprinkler
Drip
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• Total Water Applied to Autumn Rose Fuji During
  2007

40.4 1010 mm
38.3 less water with drip as compared to
Micro-Jet Sprinkler
24.9624 mm
Sprinkler
Drip
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The Trend of Water Consumption as Trees Mature in
Drip and Sprinkler over 2003-2007 in Pacific
Gala
Micro-jet Sprinkler
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38
40
56
72
Full Drip
July 2005, Trees at 100 Maturity
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Growth of Pacific Gala on Different Rootstocks
Between 2002-2005
Supporter4
G30
RN29
Bud9
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Effects of Rootstocks on Terminal Shoot Growth
Over the Growing Season, 2006
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Effect of Rootstock on Fruit Quality of Pacific
Gala (avg 2004-2005)
System Weight (g) Color 1-5 Sugar (oBrix) Firmness (Kg) Starch Yield (kg/tree)
B9 204.5 b 3.37 ab 14.54 a 8.07 c 4.53 a 9.17 ab
RN 29 223.4 a 3.18 b 13.96 b 8.34 ab 4.03 b 10.55 a
Supporter 4 206.0 b 3.12 b 13.92 b 8.57 a 4.01 b 4.84 c
G 30 205.7 b 3.53 a 14.05 b 8.14 bc 4.38 a 8.22 b
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Effect of Rootstock on Fruit Quality of Pacific
Gala, 2007
System Weight (g) Color 1-5 Sugar (oBrix) Firmness (Kg) Starch Yield (kg/tree)
B-9 157.3 b 3.29 a 13.42 a 8.58 ab 4.37 ab 24.43 b
RN-29 189.5 a 3.60 a 13.30 a 8.46 ab 3.93 ab 45.63 a
Supporter 4 190.0 a 3.69 a 13.12 a 8.73 a 3.98 b 20.77 b
G-30 184.9 a 3.58 a 13.50 a 7.96 b 4.71 a 42.11 a
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Effect of Rootstock on Fruit Russetting and
Cracking of Pacific Gala, 2007
Rootstock Crack Calyx Rust. Skin Rust.
B-9 1.58 b 46.1 c 1.83 a
RN-29 2.60 ab 58.9 ab 3.70 a
Supporter 4 5.67 a 55.7 bc 3.00 a
G-30 5.27 a 70.9 a 3.80 a
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Effect of Irrigation System on Fruit Quality of
Pacific Gala (avg 2004-2005)
System Weight (g) Color 1-5 Sugar (Brix) Firmness (Kg) Starch Yield (kg/tree)
Drip 216.9 a 3.10 b 14.0 a 8.07 b 4.33 a 9.43 a
Sprinkler 202.9 b 3.50 a 14.2 a 8.49 a 4.14 b 6.97 b
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Effects of Rootstock on Macroelemnts of Pacific
Gala Leaves
Rootstock N ( dwt) N ( dwt) P ( dwt) P ( dwt) K ( dwt) K ( dwt) Mg ( dwt) Mg ( dwt) Ca ( dwt) Ca ( dwt)
Shoot Spur Shoot Spur Shoot Spur Shoot Spur Shoot Spur
B.9 1.97 a 1.74a 0.15 a 0.18a 1.00 c 1.28c 0.40 a 0.45ab 2.00 a 2.51a
RN-29 1.90 ab 1.70ab 0.13 b 0.16a 1.25 b 1.56b 0.39 a 0.45ab 1.61 b 2.26b
G-30 1.80 b 1.73a 0.15 a 0.17a 1.60 a 1.80a 0.32 c 0.43b 1.61 b 2.44a
Supporter 4 1.81 b 1.64b 0.14 ab 0.16a 1.51 a 1.81a 0.37 b 0.47a 1.60 b 2.49a
Spur Leaves had less N but more K, P, Mg, and Ca
than Shoot leaves
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Effects of Rootstock on Leaf Microelemnts of
Pacific Gala
Rootstock Mn (ppm) Mn (ppm) B (ppm) B (ppm)
Shoot Spur Shoot Spur
B.9 71.2 a 61.3a 31.9c 33.2b
RN-29 58.7b 52.7b 31.5 c 33.1b
G-30 49.6c 51.2b 38.9b 38.9a
Supporter 4 40.7d 41.0c 42.6a 39.1a
B in spur and shoot leaves were similar Gala/B9
had Higher Mn in spur and shoot leaves than on
other rootstocks
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Leaf Area of Pacific Gala on Different
Rootstocks Between 2004-2007
Supporter4
RN29
G30
Bud9
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Leaf Fresh Weight of Pacific Gala on Different
Rootstocks Between 2003-2007
RN29
Supporter4
G30
Bud9
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Leaf Percent Dry Weight of Pacific Gala on
Different Rootstocks Between 2003-2007
Bud9
RN29
Supporter4
G30
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Leaf N in Pacific Gala on Different Rootstocks
Between 2003-2007
Bud9
RN29
G30
Supporter4
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Leaf Ca in Pacific Gala on Different Rootstocks
Between 2003-2007
Bud9
RN29
G30
Supporter4
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Leaf Zn in Pacific Gala on Different Rootstocks
Between 2003-2007
Bud9
Supporter4
RN29
G30
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Leaf K in Pacific Gala with Different
Irrigation Systems Between 2003-2007
Sprinkler
Drip
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Important Correlations in Pacific Gala

• Parameters r
  values
• Average fruit firmness vs. Starch -0.73
• Fruit Starch vs. Crack 0.35
• Fruit firmness vs. Stem-end crack -0.60
• Shoot leaf K vs. yield
  -0.42
• Spur leaf B vs. yield
  -0.79
• Spur leaf B vs. Shoot leaf K 0.81
• Yield vs. Spur leaf K
  -0.11ns
• Shoot leaf N vs. Spur leaf N 0.79
• Shoot leaf Ca vs. Shoot leaf Mn 0.70
• Shoot leaf Mg vs. Shoot leaf Ca 0.50
• Shoot Ca vs. Shoot leaf K -0.56
• Shoot leaf Zn vs. yield
  -0.64

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General Conclusions

• Pacific Gala
• For Gala, RN-29 and B9 Were Best Rootstocks.
  (RN-29 Had High Yield and Large Fruits B9 Was
  Precocious and Had High Yield Efficiency
• B9 Advanced Fruit Maturity
• G30 advance fruit color.
• Drip Increased Yield and Fruit Size as Compared
  to Sprinkler System in Gala in some years.

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Our Trees are White While Tree in NY are Green!
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Thank You
We Thank financial support of ITFA IDAHO APPLE
COMMISSION WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT RESEARCH
COMMISSION
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Effects of Rootstock on Leaf Weight and Size in
Pacific Gala Apple
Rootstock Leaf Fwt (g) Leaf Dwt (g) Leaf dry wt Leaf area (cm)
B.9 0.9 b 0.4 b 43.1 a 33.0 b
RN-29 1.1 a 0.45 a 41.4 b 39.4 a
G-30 1.1 a 0.43 ab 39.4 c 39.8 a
Supporter 4 1.1 a 0.43 ab 40.4 bc 38.9 a
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Essie Fallahi Pomology ProgramUniversity of
Idaho, Idaho, USAJim McFersonWashington Tree
Fruit Research Commission Washington, USA
The Impact of Rootstock and Irrigation on Water
Use, Tree Growth, Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit
Quality of 'Pacific Gala' Apple
38
Effect of Irrigation System on Fruit Quality of
Pacific Gala, 2007
System Weight (g) Color 1-5 Sugar (Brix) Firmness (Kg) Starch Yield (kg/tree)
Drip 177.3 a 3.26 b 13.16 a 8.59 a 4.15 a 30.30 a
Sprinkler 182.7 a 3.82 a 13.50 a 8.27 a 4.37 a 35.26 a
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Effects of Irrigation System on Macroelements in
Pacific Gala Leaves
Irrigation N ( dwt) N ( dwt) P ( dwt) P ( dwt) K ( dwt) K ( dwt) Ca ( dwt) Ca ( dwt)
Shoot Spur Shoot Spur Shoot Spur Shoot Spur
Drip 1.84a 1.72a 0.13 b 0.15b 1.31b 1.53c 1.63b 2.36b
Sprinkler 1.90 a 1.68a 0.15 a 0.18a 1.40a 1.69a 1.75a 2.48a
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Effects of Irrigation on Fruit Russetting and
Cracking of Pacific Gala, 2007
System Stem Crack Calyx Rust. Skin Rust.
Drip 2.09 b 53.3 a 3.09 a
Sprinkler 5.59 a 62.0 a 2.96 a
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Effects of Rootstock on Leaf Weight and Size in
Pacific Gala Apple
Rootstock Water use Water Use Etsimate
B.9 52 12.48
RN-29 100 24
G-30 110 26
Supporter 4 121 29