Introduction to Commercial Design

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Introduction to Commercial Design

• ID-439
• Contract Design I

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Introduction

• What is Commercial Design?
• The design of any facility that serve a business
  purpose.
• Once referred to Contract Design
• Portrays a aesthetic image of the companys
  mission
• Enhances productivity thru understanding office
  communication, adjacencies and furniture needs
• Enhances employee pride
• Protects health, safety and welfare of the public

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History of Commercial Design

• Business has been conducted for thousands of
  years, evident in rooms found in the Pharaoh's
  palaces, cathedrals of the Middle Ages.
• Industrial Revolution was a major factor in the
  development of offices outside the home. Moved
  from agricultural economy to an industrial
  economy. Office spaces during this period used a
  closed concept.
• The late 19th and early 20th century saw a growth
  in office design with a specialization in
  commercial interior design (Elsie de Wolfe and
  Dorothy Draper)

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Larkin Administration Building

• 1906, Frank Lloyd Wright
• Buffalo, NY
• Mail order supplier
• 1st Open office

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Larkin Administration Building

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Bull Pens

• Before WWII, most furniture consisted of
  freestanding desks, files and bookcases
• The typical layout was called a bull-pen setup
  (the placement of desks on a grid with aisles in
  between with the executives separated to one side
  in enclosed windowed offices.)
• The bullpen was popular
• until the 1960s. Typically,
• there were a few high level
• executives that oversaw a
• large number of clerical type
• workers.

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Development of Corp. Office

• Following WWII, there was a large influx of
  people seeking the American Dream.
• More and more people were using the GI bill to
  get a college education.
• All of a sudden, office space became a valuable
  commodity and the number of rental spaces
  dramatically increased to keep up with the paces,
  and the corporate office was born.
• By the 1960s, the workforce was growing by
  850,000 annually, and the bullpen style became
  out of fashion.

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The Quickbourner Team

• Germany, 1959. Two brothers developed the
  concept of open office layout and brought the
  idea to the US in 1967.
• They believed that many offices hindered work
  productivity. Their designs promoted good
  communication and flow.
• Referred to as office landscaping.
• Their plans were based upon a systems analysis
  of work flow and communication.
• The layout was very free and non-rectilinear.

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Open Office Landscaping

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The Quickbourner Team

The Quickbourner Team

• People in frequent contact with each other were
  placed close together.
• Many acoustical problems were attempted to be
  corrected by the use of carpet, plants and
  acoustical ceiling tiles
• This new approach of landscape planning had a
  tremendous impact on the way offices were to be
  designed. They were flexible, efficient, open
  and informal.
• Americans, however, were slow to accept the idea
  because they didnt want to give up their
  hardwall office, which were status symbols to the
  executives.

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Robert Propst

• Hired by Herman Miller, Inc. in 1960
• A researcher and inventor
• Developed Action Office I for Herman Miller and
  introduced it in 1964.
• A panel based system using a vertical approach
• Despite what the modern office has become, his
  goal was to get away from boxes and corridors.
• The use of the panels violated the Quickborner
  concept but was widely accepted as open office
  landscaping.

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Cubicle Jokes

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The Big Four

• Haworth, Steelcase, Herman Miller and Knoll
• In 1974, Haworth, Inc. created the first
  electrified panel system in its Unigroup line.
• Steelcase Series 9000
• Herman Miller Action Office

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Herman Miller Action Office

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Haworth Unigroup Too

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Steelcase 9000

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Knoll - Equity

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Types of Offices

• Commercial Interior Designers are hired by a
  variety of different businesses. Your role as a
  designer is to learn all you can about the
  company you are designer for.
• Types of Offices
• Accounting Real Estate Law Firms Design Firms
• Banks Ad. Agencies Govt (GSA) Hospitals
• Education Doctor/ Dental Engineering Retail

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Overview of Office Operations The
Executives

• CEO Chief Executive Officer, the highest
  ranking individual. In smaller companies this
  may be the president or the principle.
• CFO Chief Financial Officer, senior executive
  responsible for overseeing the financial risks of
  the company.
• COO Chief Operating Officer, senior executive
  responsible for the day to day activities of the
  company.
• CIO Chief Information Officer, senior executive
  responsible for overseeing a companies
  information technology.
• CLO Chief Legal Officer, senior executive
  repsonsible for overseeing the legal aspects of
  the company.

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Vice Presidents

• The second highest layer of management.
• They report directly to the CEO and are
  responsible for specific departments or division
  of the business
• VP of Marketing
• VP of Research
• VP of Economic Development
• VP of Engineering

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Managers and Supervisors

• Managers report to the VP over their division
• Payroll Manager
• Sales Manager
• Facility Manager
• Supervisors oversee and provide instruction to
  subordinates and administer discipline /penalties
  to workers. Supervisors report to the managers.
• Supervisors make up the largest number of
  mid-management positions in a business.

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Organizational Charts

• The larger the company, the more complex the
  organizational structure.
• Organizational Charts are helpful in
  understanding the organization in terms of rank.
  They help visualize the formal reporting
  structure of the business.
• Organizational charts do not show day-to-day work
  relationships. As a designer, you will find this
  information thru programming methods.

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Organizational Charts

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The designers role is to

• Understand what each department does
• Understand how the departments relate to each
  other
• Understand what individuals do in each department
• Understand the relationships of individuals to
  each other by department.

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Divisions / Departments

• Executive Division Presidents, VPs
• Corporate/Legal Division may consist of many
  departments such as Legal, Communications, Tax
  Dept., Real Estate, Insurance, Purchasing and
  Public Relations.
• Finance Division Accounts Payable, Accounts
  Receivable
• Operations Division responsible for the
  production of goods or services. Engineering,
  Design Dept.
• Marketing Division advertising and sales
• Administration Division support services,
  receptionists, mail rooms, file/supply rooms,
  training rooms

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Typical Office Spaces

• Executive Suite
• Staff offices
• General offices
• Reception
• Support areas

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The Executive Division

• The Executive Division consists of all the senior
  executives.
• Sometimes called Vice Presidents (VPs)
• CEO, CFO, CEO, CIO, CLO.
• This division determines the overall policies and
  implements the policies of the board of
  directors.
• The Executive Suite often sets the tone of the
  business. The location is desirable and the
  material and furniture specified portray the
  image of the company. It should impress their
  customers.

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The Executive Division

Typically private offices with a separate
reception area, executive conference room,
private entrance. Desk chairs are typically
high back executive chairs, leather with
headrest. All offices in the executive suite
coordinate from the same series. Usually have a
conference area, soft seating area and work area.
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The Executive Division

Executive Boardroom Convenient for guest
access Must impress clients Might be adjacent to
kitchen Might have access from CEO office Promote
teleconferencing Flat screen, LCD projector Needs
credenza for serving food and beverages.
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Reception Area

First Impression A lot of money is spent in this
area Will have a waiting area nearby Executive
suite should be nearby and visitors should not
have to walk thru cluttered office areas Needs
accent lights
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General Office/ Staff Offices

Often utilizes the open office concept Customer
may never actually see this area Considered the
Production area Less money is spent in this
area Managers / supervisors may have cubicles or
dry wall offices
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Support / Ancillary Spaces

Supply storage Mail Rooms Central Files Resource
Library Break room Staff Conference
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Staff Conference Rooms

Used for weekly / daily meeting Should be
flexible, use modular tables Provide multiple
lighting options Shapes Boat, racetrack,
rectangle Provide modesty panel for training
setups Durable surfaces Fixed ht. chairs or
mechanical ht. mid-back chairs
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Staff Break Room

Create a fun space for employees to escape from
work. Should be durable, easy to maintain Keep
expenses down Break areas may exist on each
floor of a multi-floor building
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Image

• Your design should reflect the firms attitude
  toward several things
• Corporate Image
• Budget
• Goals and plans for the future
• Attitude toward employees, customers and vendors
• Cultural and global perspective

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Traditional

Law Firms Banks University Churches What is
traditional? Mahogany, molding, stripes, leather,
burgundy, green and navy blue
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Transitional

An all around safe option, neither too
traditional nor too contemporary Less molding,
cleaner lines with simple edge details.
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Contemporary

Mixture of wood, metal and glass Ideal for
Advertising Agencies Technology oriented
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Status and Rank

• Status and Rank is established by
• Size of the office
• Space standards
• Set by job functions
• Must respect space standards
• Small firms may not have standards
• Location of Office
• Corner windows
• views
• Quality and Quantity of FFE
• Wood vs. laminate
• Extra files/ bookcases/ credenza/ hutch

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Desks (conventional furniture)
• Executive
• Typically 36 x 72 or larger
• Single pedestal or Double Pedestal
• Bridge
• Table desk
• Executive U or L
• Secretarial
• 30 x 60 or 30 x 66
• Secretarial U or L

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Credenza
• Kneespace
• Typically 24 deep and matches main desk (72
  long)
• Positioned behind the desk
• Min. of 42 between desk and credenza, 48 is
  better
• Storage Credenza
• Does not offer space for a computer

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Files and Storage
• Vertical File
• Old style file, typically 15 wide (letter) or
  18 wide (Legal)
• Usually 28 30 deep, max. of 5 drawers
• Front-to-back filing method
• Lateral File
• New style, 30, 36 or 42 wide
• Usually 18 deep, max. of 5 drawers
• Needs a counterweight
• Must specify filing method front-to-back or
  side-to-side, letter,legal, handing or
  compressor.

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Files and Storage
• Open Files
• Uses an end tab file folder
• Medical offices
• Need magnetic shelf divider to support files
• Can be taller than 5 shelves high
• Mobile Files
• Installed on a track
• Verify dead loads
• Considered a high-density filling method

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Seating
• Desk Chair Generic
• Task Chair Ergonomic
• Executive Chair High-back
• Management Chair Mid-back
• Conference Chair
• Side or Guest Chair
• Sled base, stacking, high density
• Soft Seating Lounge furniture

When specifying chairs with castors, you MUST
consider the flooring Hard floor soft
castor Soft flooring Hard castors
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Seating Percentiles

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Office Furniture Terminology

• Ergonomic Features
• Height and width adjustable arms
• Adjustable seat depth
• Tension control
• Waterfall fronts
• Lumbar support
• Seat pitch (negative pitch is best)
• Seat height adjustment (18 23)
• Pneumatic vs. mechanical lifts http//ocean.otr.us
  m.edu/w135249/pdf/id439/Haworth_verytaskchair.mov
  

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Trends in Office Design

• Todays offices should
• Easily adapts to changing technology
• Offer Flexibility
• Utilize innovative space planning smaller
  office size for same function
• Accommodate a diverse workforce

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Trends in Office Design

• Delayering
• Opposite of thepyramid chart
• More responsibility on the worker
• Makes them feel more a part of the company
• Teaming
• Used to develop products faster and to be more
  competitive in the introduction of new products
• Linear team work is passed from one to another,
  repetitive
• Parallel team team members are from different
  depts. Not the only project they are working
  on. A design team is an example.
• Circular team brainstorming to do very creative
  work. Members come and go throughout the course
  of the project. The team disbands when project
  is completed.

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Trends in Office Design

• Office of the Future http//youtu.be/vNsXOQU1ORY
• Future predictions
• No longer 40 year employees, may work for 5 or
  more firms
• http//youtu.be/qPMS47urLPw
• Google workplace
• Google workplace

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Trends in Office Design

• How and where are people working?
• Team environments, more open spaces, no panels
• Virtual office (out of a briefcase) Concept
  Anywhere, Anytime
• Home office (thanks to technology)
• Telecommuting on the road
• No longer 8 5 flex-time is part of the
  recruiting process

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Alternative Office Concepts

• Caves and Commons
• cave individual office and Commons team
  environment
• Unassigned Office
• systems or enclosed office used by any number of
  workers. Can be reserved
• Hoteling
• unassigned work spaces that are available to
  workers by reservation like a hotel. First used
  by Ernst and Young in Chicago. A concierge is
  assigned the task of taking the reservation and
  insuring that the space is equipped properly

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Alternative Office Concepts

• Free Address
• Same as an unassigned work space, usually
  available on a first come first-served basis
• Hot Desk
• Same as a free address, literally means still
  hot from the last user
• Landing sites
• Cannot be reserved, a free address that one
  lands in when going into the office

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Alternative Office Concepts

• Just in time
• Same as an unassigned work space, usually an
  open, flexible work area in which individuals or
  groups can congregate. Moveable screens and
  personal mobile files from a central storage area
  are common.
• Guesting
• May be assigned or unassigned work space for a
  visitor or sales rep.
• Satellite office
• A work center established away from the main
  office but convenient to outside workers. Mostly
  for transient workers

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Case Study GE Energy Financial

http//link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid61
485843001?bctid26175643001
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Benching

Wellbeing