Title: The Endless Frontier in Science and Technology: Role of the United States and Purdue
1The Endless Frontier in Science and
TechnologyRole of the United States and Purdue
- October 1, 2007
- Charles O. Rutledge, Ph.D.
- Vice President for Research
- Pankaj Sharma, Ph.D.
- Associate Director, Discovery Park
2My visit to China
3Outline
- Evolution of Science, Technology, and Policy
- Pre-War, During War, Post-war
- Current Infrastructure
- Think Tanks, Funding Agencies, National Labs,
Regulatory Agencies, Associations, Foundations,
Corporations, Donors - Purdue
- Past, Present, Future
4Pre-World War II (1787-1940)
- 1787 The Constitutional Convention
- 1807 Survey of Coast
- 1862 The Department of Agriculture and the
Land Grant College Act - 1870 United States Weather Service
- 1879 U.S. Geological Survey
- 1887 National Institutes of Health
- 1916 Naval Research Laboratory
- 1931 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
- 1937 National Cancer Institute
George Washington
1st U.S. President 1789-1797
Abraham Lincoln 16th U.S. President 1861-1865
5World War II
- 1940-1941National Defense
Research Committee and Office of
Scientific Research and Defense - 1940-1945Manhattan Project
National Defense Research Committee
1st Official Meeting on July 2, 1940
6Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
November 1944 President Roosevelts letter to
Dr. Vannevar Bush asked the following
- What scientific contributions have been made
during the war? - What can be done now in the war of science
against disease? - What can the government do to aid research
activities? - Can an effective program be proposed for the
discovery and development of scientific talent
in American youth?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd U.S. President1933-1945
7Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
July 1945 Dr. Vannevar Bush provided the
following recommendations
- Scientific contributions
- Penicillin, radar, better agricultural products,
jobs in new industries
(radio, air
conditioning, rayon, synthetic fibers/rubber,
plastics) - More abundant food supply, better living, more
leisure, longer life,
and better health - War of science against disease
- Extend financial support for basic medical
research in medical schools and universities. - Aid for research activities
- More and better scientific research is essential
for our goal of full employment. - Basic research should be strengthened by use of
public funds. - Create science advisory board to advise
executive/legislative branches of government. - Allow deduction of RD expenditures for industry
research. - Promote international flow of scientific
information. - Developing scientific talent
- For every boy or girl shall know that, if s/he
shows that s/he has what it takes, the sky is
the limit. - Remove barriers for receiving higher education.
- Provide reasonable number of scholarships and
fellowships for advanced training and fundamental
research. - Create a National Research Foundation.
Dr. Vannevar Bush
8Post-World War II
- 1946 Office of Naval Research
- 1946 Department of Energy
- 1947 National Laboratories
- 1950 National Science Foundation
- 1954 Presidents Science Advisory Committee
- 1980 Bayh-Dole Act
- 1989 End of the Cold War
- 1989-2000 Steps Toward
Interdisciplinary Research
Birch Bayh II U.S. Senator from Indiana
1963-1981
Bob Dole U.S. Senator from Kansas 1969-1996
9Recent Trends (2000 today)
- Challenges Driving Interdisciplinary Research
- The inherent complexity of Nature and Society
- The drive to explore basic research problems at
the interfaces of disciplines - The need to solve societal problems
- The stimulus of generative technologies
10Science, Technology, and Policy
- An infrastructure enables us to undertake
challenges and explore new avenues.
Endless frontier of science and technology
Infrastructure
Policy
- Policy combined with infrastructure provides an
endless frontier for science and technology.
11Infrastructure Think Tanks
- The National Academies
- Advisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering
and Medicine - National Academy of Sciences (1863)
- National Research Council (1916)
- National Academy of Engineering (1964)
- Institute of Medicine (1970)
12Infrastructure Universities
- Purdue
- MIT
- Harvard
- Stanford
- Berkeley
- Cornell
- many others
France Córdova Purdue Universitys 11th
President
13Infrastructure Funding Agencies
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Department of Energy
- Department of Defense
- Department of Transportation
- Environmental Protection Agency
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Department of Education
- Department of Commerce
- Department of Homeland Security
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- United States Agency for International Development
Chuck Conner
Acting Head, USDA
14Infrastructure Department of Energy (DOE)
National Labs
- Idaho National Laboratory between Arco and Idaho
Falls, Idaho - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in
Berkeley, California - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia,
Illinois - National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden,
Colorado - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in
Livermore, California - Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New
Mexico - Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge,
Tennessee - National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany,
Oregon Fairbanks, Alaska Morgantown, West
Virginia Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Tulsa,
Oklahoma - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in
Richland, Washington - Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New
Mexico and Livermore, California
15Infrastructure DOE Technology Centers
- Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa
- New Brunswick Laboratory in Argonne National
Laboratory - Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in
Oak Ridge, Tennessee - Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton,
New Jersey - Radiological Environmental Sciences Laboratory
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park,
California - Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in
Newport News, Virginia
16Infrastructure Regulatory Agencies
- US Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)
- US Food and Drug Administration
- US Environmental Protection Agency
Headquarters of USPTO Office Alexandria, Virginia
17Infrastructure Associations
- American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics - Institute for Electrical and Electronics
Engineers - Association of American Medical Colleges
- Federation of American Societies for Experimental
Biology - American Association for the Advancement of
Science - American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
- American Association of Pharmaceutical
Scientists - American Physical Society
- American Chemical Society
- American Geophysical Society
Charles Rutledge
President 1996-1997
American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics
Leah Jamieson
President 2006-Current
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
18Infrastructure Foundations
- Regenstrief Foundation
- Lilly Endowment, Inc.
- Gates Foundation
- Keck Foundation
- Rockefeller Foundation
Samuel Nathan Regenstrief (1910-1988)
19Infrastructure Corporations
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Roche Diagnostics
- DowAgro Sciences
- Zimmer
- Cook Biotech
- Bio Analytical
Systems Inc.
Elli Lilly and Company Headquarters, Indianapolis
20Infrastructure Others
- Donors
- Michael and Katherine Birck
- William and Mary Ann Bindley
- Burton D. Morgan
- Glenn and Edna Mann
- Economic Development Corporations
- Indiana Economic Development Corporation
- Rotary Club
- United Way
Michael and Katherine Birck
Burton D. Morgan
William and Mary Ann Bindley
Glenn and Edna Mann
21Purdue Past and Present
Nancy Ho Molecular Geneticist RD 100 Award
(1998) for Better Yeast
Neil Armstrong First Person to set foot on the
Moon July 20, 1969
Leslie Geddes Winner of National Medal of
Technology 2006 Medical Devices Tissue
Engineering
Ardent Bement Director 2005-Present National
Science Foundation
22Purdue Future
Developing strategy to double funding from 300
million to 600 million
23Purdue FutureDiscovery Park Developing
Infrastructure to Use Interdisciplinary Approach
to Address Global Grand Challenges
Energy Independence
Global Warming
Homeland Security
Healthcare
24Thank you.
- This slide presentation is posted on the Internet
at - www.purdue.edu/research/vpr/staff/rutledge.shtml