The Endless Frontier in Science and Technology: Role of the United States and Purdue

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The Endless Frontier in Science and
TechnologyRole of the United States and Purdue

• October 1, 2007
• Charles O. Rutledge, Ph.D.
• Vice President for Research
• Pankaj Sharma, Ph.D.
• Associate Director, Discovery Park

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My visit to China
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Outline

• Evolution of Science, Technology, and Policy
• Pre-War, During War, Post-war
• Current Infrastructure
• Think Tanks, Funding Agencies, National Labs,
  Regulatory Agencies, Associations, Foundations,
  Corporations, Donors
• Purdue
• Past, Present, Future

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Pre-World War II (1787-1940)

• 1787 The Constitutional Convention
• 1807 Survey of Coast
• 1862 The Department of Agriculture and the
  Land Grant College Act
• 1870 United States Weather Service
• 1879 U.S. Geological Survey
• 1887 National Institutes of Health
• 1916 Naval Research Laboratory
• 1931 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
• 1937 National Cancer Institute

George Washington
1st U.S. President 1789-1797
Abraham Lincoln 16th U.S. President 1861-1865
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World War II

• 1940-1941National Defense
  Research Committee and Office of
  Scientific Research and Defense
• 1940-1945Manhattan Project

National Defense Research Committee
1st Official Meeting on July 2, 1940
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Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
November 1944 President Roosevelts letter to
Dr. Vannevar Bush asked the following

• What scientific contributions have been made
  during the war?
• What can be done now in the war of science
  against disease?
• What can the government do to aid research
  activities?
• Can an effective program be proposed for the
  discovery and development of scientific talent
  in American youth?

Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd U.S. President1933-1945
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Moving Forward in the Post-war Era
July 1945 Dr. Vannevar Bush provided the
following recommendations

• Scientific contributions
• Penicillin, radar, better agricultural products,
  jobs in new industries
  (radio, air
  conditioning, rayon, synthetic fibers/rubber,
  plastics)
• More abundant food supply, better living, more
  leisure, longer life,
  and better health
• War of science against disease
• Extend financial support for basic medical
  research in medical schools and universities.
• Aid for research activities
• More and better scientific research is essential
  for our goal of full employment.
• Basic research should be strengthened by use of
  public funds.
• Create science advisory board to advise
  executive/legislative branches of government.
• Allow deduction of RD expenditures for industry
  research.
• Promote international flow of scientific
  information.
• Developing scientific talent
• For every boy or girl shall know that, if s/he
  shows that s/he has what it takes, the sky is
  the limit.
• Remove barriers for receiving higher education.
• Provide reasonable number of scholarships and
  fellowships for advanced training and fundamental
  research.
• Create a National Research Foundation.

Dr. Vannevar Bush
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Post-World War II

• 1946 Office of Naval Research
• 1946 Department of Energy
• 1947 National Laboratories
• 1950 National Science Foundation
• 1954 Presidents Science Advisory Committee
• 1980 Bayh-Dole Act
• 1989 End of the Cold War
• 1989-2000 Steps Toward
  Interdisciplinary Research

Birch Bayh II U.S. Senator from Indiana
1963-1981
Bob Dole U.S. Senator from Kansas 1969-1996
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Recent Trends (2000 today)

• Challenges Driving Interdisciplinary Research
• The inherent complexity of Nature and Society
• The drive to explore basic research problems at
  the interfaces of disciplines
• The need to solve societal problems
• The stimulus of generative technologies

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Science, Technology, and Policy

• An infrastructure enables us to undertake
  challenges and explore new avenues.

Endless frontier of science and technology
Infrastructure
Policy

• Policy combined with infrastructure provides an
  endless frontier for science and technology.

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Infrastructure Think Tanks

• The National Academies
• Advisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering
  and Medicine
• National Academy of Sciences (1863)
• National Research Council (1916)
• National Academy of Engineering (1964)
• Institute of Medicine (1970)

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Infrastructure Universities

• Purdue
• MIT
• Harvard
• Stanford
• Berkeley
• Cornell
• many others

France Córdova Purdue Universitys 11th
President
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Infrastructure Funding Agencies

• National Science Foundation
• National Institutes of Health
• United States Department of Agriculture
• Department of Energy
• Department of Defense
• Department of Transportation
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Department of Health and Human Services
• Department of Education
• Department of Commerce
• Department of Homeland Security
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• United States Agency for International Development

Chuck Conner
Acting Head, USDA
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Infrastructure Department of Energy (DOE)
National Labs

• Idaho National Laboratory between Arco and Idaho
  Falls, Idaho
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in
  Berkeley, California
• Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia,
  Illinois
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden,
  Colorado
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in
  Livermore, California
• Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New
  Mexico
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge,
  Tennessee
• National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany,
  Oregon Fairbanks, Alaska Morgantown, West
  Virginia Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Tulsa,
  Oklahoma
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in
  Richland, Washington
• Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New
  Mexico and Livermore, California

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Infrastructure DOE Technology Centers

• Ames Laboratory in Ames, Iowa
• New Brunswick Laboratory in Argonne National
  Laboratory
• Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in
  Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in Princeton,
  New Jersey
• Radiological Environmental Sciences Laboratory
• Savannah River Ecology Laboratory
• Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park,
  California
• Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in
  Newport News, Virginia

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Infrastructure Regulatory Agencies

• US Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)
• US Food and Drug Administration
• US Environmental Protection Agency

Headquarters of USPTO Office Alexandria, Virginia
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Infrastructure Associations

• American Society for Pharmacology and
  Experimental Therapeutics
• Institute for Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers
• Association of American Medical Colleges
• Federation of American Societies for Experimental
  Biology
• American Association for the Advancement of
  Science
• American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
• American Association of Pharmaceutical
  Scientists
• American Physical Society
• American Chemical Society
• American Geophysical Society

Charles Rutledge
President 1996-1997
American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics
Leah Jamieson
President 2006-Current
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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Infrastructure Foundations

• Regenstrief Foundation
• Lilly Endowment, Inc.
• Gates Foundation
• Keck Foundation
• Rockefeller Foundation

Samuel Nathan Regenstrief (1910-1988)
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Infrastructure Corporations

• Eli Lilly and Company
• Roche Diagnostics
• DowAgro Sciences
• Zimmer
• Cook Biotech
• Bio Analytical
  Systems Inc.

Elli Lilly and Company Headquarters, Indianapolis
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Infrastructure Others

• Donors
• Michael and Katherine Birck
• William and Mary Ann Bindley
• Burton D. Morgan
• Glenn and Edna Mann
• Economic Development Corporations
• Indiana Economic Development Corporation
• Rotary Club
• United Way

Michael and Katherine Birck
Burton D. Morgan
William and Mary Ann Bindley
Glenn and Edna Mann
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Purdue Past and Present
Nancy Ho Molecular Geneticist RD 100 Award
(1998) for Better Yeast
Neil Armstrong First Person to set foot on the
Moon July 20, 1969
Leslie Geddes Winner of National Medal of
Technology 2006 Medical Devices Tissue
Engineering
Ardent Bement Director 2005-Present National
Science Foundation
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Purdue Future
Developing strategy to double funding from 300
million to 600 million
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Purdue FutureDiscovery Park Developing
Infrastructure to Use Interdisciplinary Approach
to Address Global Grand Challenges
Energy Independence
Global Warming
Homeland Security
Healthcare
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Thank you.

• This slide presentation is posted on the Internet
  at
• www.purdue.edu/research/vpr/staff/rutledge.shtml