Utilization of byproducts by

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Utilization of byproducts by growing finishing
cattle G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein many
students
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Minnesota Distillers Website http//www.ddgs.umn.
edu/
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• Each bushel of corn yields approximately
• 1/3 EtOH
• 1/3 CO2
• 1/3 Distillers byproducts

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Ethanol Plants Fed Cattle Population
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Use

• Inclusion lt 15 (2-3 lb) protein
• Inclusion gt 15 (4 lb) energy

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DRY MILLING-WDG(S)
CORN
GRIND, WET, COOK
Abengoa Bioenergy, York, NE
FERMENTATION
YEAST, ENZYMES
STILL
ALCOHOL CO2
STILLAGE
DISTILLERS GRAINS WDG, DDG
DISTILLERS SOLUBLES
WDGS DDGS
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Efficiency value
Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep. and
2005 Midwest ASAS
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Efficiency value
Buckner et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.
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UNL Meta Analysis of WDGS Effect on Carcass
Characteristics Virgil Bremer, Galen Erickson
Terry Klopfenstein
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UNL Studies Used
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Materials and Methods of Trials

• Diet WDGS (DM basis)
• 5-7.5 DM roughage in diet
• Calves and Yearlings
• Predominantly black crossbred steers
• 34 treatment means (n 1257 hd)
• USDA called Quality grade on 500 Small0
• Calculated YG used (n 873) except when LM area
  unknown (n 384)

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Average Daily Gain
ADG (lb)
Diet DM WDGS
Intercept
cov. P 0.03 L P lt 0.01
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P lt 0.01
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Feed Conversion
FG (lb/lb)
Diet DM WDGS
Intercept
cov. P 0.04 L P lt 0.01
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P 0.09
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12th Rib Fat Depth
12th Rib Fat (in)
Diet DM WDGS
Intercept
cov. P 0.02 L P lt 0.01
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P 0.04
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Marbling Score
Marbling Score
500 Small0
Diet DM WDGS
Intercept Slope
cov. P 0.08 cov. P 0.09 L P 0.05
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P 0.05
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WET MILLING-CGF
Cargill wet milling, Blair, NE
CORN
STEEP
WASH WATER
GRIND
SEPARATION
STARCH, SWEETNER, ALCOHOL
GLUTEN MEAL
CORN OIL
STEEP
CORN BRAN
SEM, screenings, dist solubles
WET CORN GLUTEN FEED
DRY CORN GLUTEN FEED
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UNL Meta Analysis of WCGF Effect on Carcass
Characteristics Virgil Bremer, Galen Erickson
Terry Klopfenstein
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UNL Studies Used
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Materials and Methods of Trials

• Diets 0-40 Sweet Bran (DM basis)
• DRC, HMC, or DRCHMC control diet
• 7-7.5 DM roughage in diet
• Calves and Yearlings
• Predominantly black crossbred steers
• 18 treatment means (n 880 hd)
• USDA called Quality grade on 500 Small0

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Average Daily Gain
ADG (lb)
Diet DM WCGF
Intercept
cov. P 0.05 L P lt 0.01
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P 0.67
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Feed Conversion
FG (lb/lb)
Diet DM WCGF
Intercept
cov. P 0.05 L P 0.03
? 0 P lt 0.01 Q P 0.48
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How do we use more?
Fat limits WDGS to 40 Sulfur is a concern Feed
combination of byproducts Feed "new" distillers
products
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WCGF/WDGS combination
(DM)
BP (5050 Blend)
Loza et al., 2003
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WCGF/WDGS combination
ADG
BP
Loza et al., 2003
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WCGF/WDGS combination
Feed Conversion
Q lt0.05 L 0.32
BP (DM)
Loza et al., 2003
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New Economic Models for Performance

• Crystal Buckner, Galen Erickson,
• Terry Klopfenstein, Darrell Mark

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Economics for WDGS
-143.19
Corn at 3.50/bu WDGS at 95 of corn price
miles are distance from ethanol plant to feedlot
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Issues

• Byproducts will be here
• Improve performance
• Not negative on quality (related to
• performance)
• Don't forget about WCGF
• Dry byproducts are different
• Distillers grains will not be created equal
• Energy content better than corn

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Reasons For Feeding DGWith Forage

• Crude Protein
• Undegradable Protein
• Energy
• P
• No Negative Assoc. Effects?
• One Size Fits All?

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DDGS Summary
DDGS, lb/d
0 4 7.5
Grazing yrl. 1.60 2.13 2.49 Penned
calvesa 1.62 2.34 2.97 Economics -- 1.94 1.41
aOne lb DDGS replaced .5 lb forage.
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Stalk Grazing
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2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0
Slope 0.245 Standard Error 0.016
??
??
??
??
??
Max. Gain 1.88 lb/d Standard Error 0.10
??
Gain, lb/day
??
1.25 2.75 4.25 5.75
Level WCGF
Daily gain of steers supplemented with wet corn
gluten feed on cornstalks.
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• WDGS, modified (45 DM)
• WDGS, traditional (35 DM)
• WDG
• DDGS (25 solubles)
• DDG
• Syrup, distillers solubles, CCDS
• Dakota Bran
• WCGF (45 DM)
• WCGF-Sweet Bran (60 DM)
• DCGF
• Corn germ
• Steep

Byproducts
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Feed Forms of Regular Distillers Grains
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Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles Ingredient
Combinations When Stored in a Silo Bag or Bunker
Silo, Percentages are on a Dry Matter Basis
Baga Bunker
Grass hay, 15.0 (6.5) 30-40 (17.0) Wheat straw,
12.5 (5.5) 25-32 (13) Alfalfa hay, 22.5
(10.2) 45-55 Dry distillers grains, 50
(28) --- Corn gluten feed, 60 (53.8) ---
a300 PSI. Wet distillers grains at 35 dry matter
65 moisture Red percentages are as-fed
basis Adams et al. University of Nebraska
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Bunker Silo of 60 WDG40 Straw Using Mixer
Wagon to Blend covered w/ Plastic
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Bunker Silo 82 Modified Distillers18
Hay Silage Covered with Plastic and Hay
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Issues

• Storage, handling, feeding challenges
• WDGS (35 DM)
• bunker with forage
• bag with forage
• Modified WDGS
• bag on its own
• bunker with forage
• WCGF
• bag on its own
• bunker with covering

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Issues

• Can you pile them and cover?
• DDGS
• pellet at 95
• cube at 70
• meal?
• Biggest challenge is delivery
• current research area
• Should be economical! PRICE DM!

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Beef Extension Page http//beef.unl.edu
Beef Reports
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Phosphorus
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Intake
Retained nutrients 10-15
Excretion
Intake-RetentionExcretion
Excretion in feces urine
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Impact of DGS on excretion

• Excretion numbers using ASABE std approach
• AVG MIN MAX
• Diet P, 0.31 0.25 0.50
• P Excretion 7.0 lb 4.6 lb 14.1 lb
• old std 13.9 lb
• Diet CP, 13.3 12.0 20.5
• N Excretion 64 lb 57 lb 104 lb
• 150 days fed for an "average" steer

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Impact of DGS on N challenge
N mass balance
Plt0.01
Plt0.01
Plt0.01
P0.07
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Impact of DGS on P challenge
Dietary P in Feedlot Diets
.59
.52
.35
.27
NRC
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Impact of DGS on P challenge
Dietary P in Feedlot Diets
.59
.52
.35
.27
NRC
Our data
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Impact of DGS on P challenge
Dietary P effect on manure
Relationship between P intake and manure
harvested P (kg/hd/d) for cattle lots.
Kissinger et al., 2006 NE Beef Report
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Land Requirements, 4yr P basis (acres)
Impact of DGS on P challenge
Feedlot size (hd) 2500 10,000 25,000 0 byp
0.30 P 1,320 5,300 13,200 20 byp 0.40
P 1,900 7,600 19,000 40 byp 0.50
P 2,500 10,000 25,000 Assumes 50 of land area
accessible 185 bu corn, corn-soybean rotation,
35 lb P per acre (80 lb P2O5)
Kissinger et al., 2006 NE Beef Report
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CONTACT Galen Erickson PH 402
472-6402 geericks_at_unlnotes.unl.edu
http//beef.unl.edu Acknowledge Abengoa
Bioenergy Dakota Gold Research Nebraska Corn
Board Chief Ethanol Cargill Wet Milling US Bio
Platte Valley