Rice Statistics 1999

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Rice Statistics 1999
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Rice Producing Areas in USA
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USA Rice Statistics
http//agronomy.ucdavis.edu/uccerice/main.htm
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Rice Growth Stages

• Peter R. Hobbs
• 611 Bradfield

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The Growth Stages of Rice
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Important stage for determining the number plants
Moisture Seed quality Insects Diseases Temperature
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Tillering stage important for determining number
of panicles
Water Nutrients Light Temperature
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Last stage for application of nitrogen
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Important stage that determines number and size
of panicle, number spikelets
Water Nutrients Insects Disease
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Important stage for determining number of grains
Temperature Hot and cold Moisture
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Important stage for determining number of grains
filled and grain size
Disease Insects Moisture
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Important stage for determining grain size
Disease Insects Moisture
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Rice Establishment

• Peter R. Hobbs
• 611 Bradfield

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Goal of Crop EstablishmentTo secure a uniform
plant population that can produce high yields
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Yield Components

• Like other cereals
• Yield Number of panicles X Number of grains per
  panicle X grain weight

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Target panicles for high yield

• Number of panicles per unit area is the principal
  yield-determining factor
• Optimum number of panicles per unit area
• Wet season 350-400 panicles m-2
• Dry season 500-600 panicles m-2
• Factors affecting number of panicles
• Tillering capacity of variety
• Initial plant population (based on CE method)
• Available N level at tillering
• Moisture, radiation, temperature, insects,
  diseases etc.

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Crop Establishment Rice

• Transplanting (TP) manual, mechanical
• Seedling broadcast
• Direct seeding wet and dry seeding
• 0-Tillage
• Bed planting Transplanting direct drill
  seeding on raised beds

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Rice Land Preparation
Manual
Manual
Animal plowing
Animal planking
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Direct seeding Land Preparation
Bullock seeding
Bullock plowing
Manual Broadcasting
Manual Drilling
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Preparing Seedlings for Transplanting
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Dry-bed Rice Nursery
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Mat nursery
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IRRI Manual Planter
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? Chinese planter
? Japanese planter
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Drum seeder
Seed hoppers
Seed holes
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Drum Seeding in Rows
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Weeding
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Weeder
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Broadcast seedlings
Seed tray
Seedlings
Seedling plugs
Broadcast seedlings
Seedlings on soil
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Modern Water Seeding

• Most common seeding method in temperate zones
  developed countries
• Mostly aerial broadcasting by plane in large
  fields (USA) or tractor mounted seeders in small
  fields (Italy)
• Soaked, just sprouted seeds are preferred over
  dry seeds

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Dry Direct Seeding (DDS)

• A traditional method, common in rainfed upland,
  lowland FP areas
• Seeds sown prior to or just after start of the
  rainy season
• Crops grow in moist soil until harvest in upland
  or with standing water at later stages in lowlands

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Dry Seeding
Dry broadcasting
Seeding behind plow
Machine seeding
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DDS Perceived Advantages

• Reduced yield risk water use
• Improved possibility of crop establishment
• Saving on labor cost
• Spreading labor demand
• Efficient use of early rains and soil nitrate
• 1-2 supplementary irrigation high stable
  productivity

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Bed Planting
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Rice on beds

• Easy to plant but more labor
• Good plant growth and uniform tillering
• Less water used (20-50) than TPR flat
• Yields as high as TPR
• Can also direct seed rice on beds

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Zero-till drill and planting
0-till planter
0-till planted field
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Transplanting Most common method in small farms
of Asia