Chapter 19 Water Supply and Management

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Chapter 19Water Supply and Management

• Objectives
• Describe the composition of water
• Explain the importance of water
• Describe how water is stored and distributed
• Explain how water is used and managed

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Terms

• Artificial water storage
• Brackish water
• Coliform count
• Desalination
• Freshwater
• Hardness
• Irrigation
• Natural water storage
• Potable water
• POU filtration system

• Saline water
• Saltwater
• Surface water
• Turbidity
• Water alkalinity
• Water chemistry
• Water distillation
• Water distribution
• Watershed
• Water vapor

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Water Composition

• Water chemistry deals with the composition of
  water, it includes determining the minerals,
  gases, and solid materials present in water
• Water distillation involves boiling water and
  collecting its steam water

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Water Distillation Unit in a Laboratory
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Physical States of Water

• Solid form
• Liquid
• Gas or water vapor

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Water Salinity

• Saline water is water that contain salt
• Freshwater
• Brackish water
• Saltwater
• Salinity refractometers, salinity meters, and
  hydrometers are commonly used for this purpose

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Using a salinity refractometer to determine water
salinity
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Water Salinity

• Freshwater has little or no salt, with the salt
  content being less than 3.0 ppt (parts per
  thousand)
• Brackish water is a mixture of saltwater and
  freshwater
• Saltwater is water with salt content of more than
  16.5 ppt

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Desalination

• Desalination is the process of removing salt from
  water

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The Importance of water
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Water Supports Life Processes
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Irrigation
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Water for Daily Living
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Water Impacts Climate
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Water in Manufacturing
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Water in Transportation
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Water in Recreation
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Sources of Water

• Surface water
• A watershed is an area of land from which all the
  water that does not infiltrate the soil runs to a
  downhill location
• Ground water

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Watershed
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Water Storage

• Natural water storage

• Artificial water storage

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Water Distribution

• Water distribution is moving water from its
  source to where it is needed

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Water Management Providing Potable Water

• Potable water is water that is safe for a
  consumer to use for drinking, cooking, and
  washing
• Potable water is not pure water, it often
  contains a variety of minerals
• In some cases, the odor, taste, color, pH,
  alkalinity, and hardness may vary

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Odor and Taste
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Color
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pH
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Alkalinity

• Water alkalinity is the presence of salts of weak
  acids in water
• Common salts include sodium, potassium, calcium,
  and magnesium

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Hardness

• Hardness represents the concentration of calcium
  and magnesium ions in water

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Dissolved Solid Materials and Turbidity

• Drinking water may sometimes contain dissolved
  solid materials
• The solid materials include carbonate,
  bicarbonate, phosphate, chloride, sulfate,
  nitrate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and
  magnesium
• Testing a water sample for phosphate

• Turbidity is suspended solid material in water
• A disk is being used to measure turbidity in
  reservoir water

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Heavy Metal
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Chemical and Pesticide Residue
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Coliform Bacteria

• Coliform count is the number of coliform bacteria
  present in 100 ml of water
• Contamination with E. Coli is a strong indication
  that human excrement is getting into the water
• Simple coliform test kit

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Water Treatment

• Well water
• Surface water
• Screening
• Presedimentation and sedimentation
• Chlorination
• Final filtration

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Treatment in the Home or Business

• Point of use (POU) filtration systems

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Tests

• What is the composition of water?
• What are the physical states of water?
• What causes these states to changes?
• What is salinity?
• What are important uses of water?
• What are the two major sources of water? Describe
  each.
• Where is water stored?
• What is water distribution?
• What is potable water?
• What are POU water treatment systems?