PakistanIndia Symposium on Local Governance

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Pakistan-India Symposium on Local Governance
POST COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON
GOVERNANCE
Presentation by Muhammad Naeemul Haq, Member,
NRB
Lahore - Pakistan 3rd July, 2007
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SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION

• OBJECTIVES OF COLONIAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
• FRAMEWORK AND EFFECTS
• PRE-DEVOLUTION DELIVERY OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES
• FEATURES AND EFFECTS
• OBJECTIVES OF DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
• DE-CONCENTRATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
• DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES

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PRE DEVOLUTION GOVERNANCE IN DISTRICTS
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COLONIAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

• OBJECTIVES
• Collection of land revenue
• Maintenance of public order

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ROLE OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER
Collector under Land Revenue Act
Chief officer Incharge of the District under
General Clauses Act
General direction and control over POLICE Under
Police Act 1861
Deputy Commissioner
Regulatory functions
EM Trial Functions Under only 4 chapters of
CrPC Local and Special Laws
DM Head of Executive Magistracy which performs
trial functions
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ROLE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE
Internal Administration of Police establishment
Law and Order
Superintendent of Police
Investigation
Prosecution
Under the general supervision and control of the
District Magistrate
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• FRAMEWORK AND EFFECTS
• Districts and Tehsils governed directly by the
  Provincial Government through Commissioner, DC
  and AC
• Separate local governments for urban and rural
  areas engendered rural-urban antagonism
• Controlling authorities of the local bodies bred
  a colonial relationship of ruler and subject and
  accentuated the rural-urban divide
• Powers concentrated in the offices of DC, SP and
  SHO
• DC combined executive and judicial powers,
  controlled District Police
• SP combined functions of law and order,
  investigation and prosecution

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Features and effects

• Development prioritisation predominantly supply
  driven and excluded people
• Cumbersome and lengthy procedures and excessive
  litigation
• Discretionary powers misused
• People travelled from THQ and DHQs to Divisional
  and Provincial offices to seek justice and relief
  
• Service issues got precedence over service
  delivery issues
• Governance system favoured the rich and the
  powerful
• Poor governance created governance deficit

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PRE-DEVOLUTION DELIVERY OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Urban
Rural
Town Committee Municipal Committee Municipal
Corporation Metropolitan Corporation
Union Council Markaz Council (In Punjab
only) Zila Council
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PRE-DEVOLUTION DELIVERY OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES
With Controlling Authorities
at DIVISION DISTRICT SUB-DIVISION Municipa
l Municipal Union Corporation Committee Co
uncil Zila Council Town Committee
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FEATURES AND EFFECTS

• Controlling authorities exercised powers to
  influence the decisions of the local bodies
• Municipal institutions notified on political
  consideration
• Thousands of villages not granted municipal
  status
• Non-coherent development
• Urbanization in rural areas through peri-urban
  growth and ribbon urbanization along roads
• Spatial planning practices non existent
• Deficient service delivery systems
• Inefficient collection of OZT
• Ruralization of urban areas continued

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Rural-Urban Divide
Ruralisation of Urban Areas
Tehsil I
THQ
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POST DEVOLUTION GOVERNANCE IN DISTRICTS
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DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

• OBJECTIVES
• People centered development
• Service oriented government

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DE-CONCENTRATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
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DE-CONCENTRATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Collector under Land Revenue Act
District Officer (Revenue)
Chief Officer incharge of the District under
General Clauses Act
Zila Nazim
General direction and control over POLICE Under
Police Act 1861
Zila Nazim (for Law Order)
Deputy Commissioner
Zila Nazim/ Officers
Regulatory functions
EM Trial Functions Under only 4 chapters of
CrPC Local and Special Laws
Courts
DM Head of Executive Magistracy which performs
trial functions
Contd
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DE-CONCENTRATION OF FUNCTIONS
District Public Safety Commission
Internal Administration of Police establishment
Law and Order
Zila Nazim (for Law Order)
DPO
Investigation
Separate Wing under SP (Investigation)
Prosecution
Separate Prosecution Service
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POST DEVOLUTION ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
PPO
ZILA NAZIM
District Police Officer
District Coordination Officer
For functions relating to Law Order
Revenue
Health
Education
Agriculture
Law
Literacy
Information Technology
Community Development
Works Services
Finance Planning
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POST DEVOLUTION
DELIVERY OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES Tehsil
Municipal Tehsil Council Administration With
new check and balance mechanism through District
and Provincial Government.
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Rural-Urban Integration
Urbanisation of Rural Areas
Tehsil I
Tehsil Council
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TMA (TEHSIL) ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
TEHSIL NAZIM
NAIB TEHSIL NAZIM
Internal Audit
Complaints Cell
General Estab./Admn.
TEHSIL MUNICIPAL OFFICER
TOWN COUNCIL
TOWN COUNCIL
TEHSIL COUNCIL
Tehsil Council office
Public Information
Planning
Infrastructure and Services
Municipal Regulations
Finance
Chief Officer at TMA (HQ)
Chief Officer at non TMA (HQ)
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TMA (TOWN) ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
TOWN NAZIM
NAIB TOWN NAZIM
Internal Audit
Complaint Cell
General Estab./Admn.
TOWN COUNCIL
TOWN COUNCIL
TOWN MUNICIPAL OFFICER
TOWN COUNCIL
Town Council Office
Public Information
Infrastructure and Services
Municipal Regulations
Finance
Planning
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UNION ADMINISTRTION
Union Nazim
Naib Union Nazim
Union Council
Musalihat Anjuman
Secretary Municipal Services
Secretary Union Committees
Secretary Community Development
Other Committees
Education
Insaf
Public Safety
Health
Accounts
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INSTITUTIONS UNDER LG ORDINANCE, 2001

• Provincial Local Government Commission
• Provincial Finance Commission
• Zila Mohtasib
• Monitoring Committees
• Ethic Committees
• Accounts Committees
• Insaf Committees
• Musalehat Anjumans
• Mushavirat Committee
• Union Public Safety Committee
• Village/Neighbourhood Councils
• Citizen Community Boards

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INSTITUTIONS UNDER POLICE ORDER, 2002

• District Public Safety and Police Complaints
  Commission
• Provincial Public Safety and Police Complaints
  Commission
• National Public Safety Commission
• Federal Police Complaints Authority
• Criminal Justice Coordination Committee
• National Police Management Board
• Citizen Police Liaison Committee

Contd
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Thank You