Introduction to Markup

1
Introduction to Markup
Slavic Digital Text WorkshopUniversity of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2005-07-06

• David J. Birnbaum
• University of Pittsburgh
• djbpitt_at_pitt.edu
• http//clover.slavic.pitt.edu/djb/

2
How to Set up an XML Project

• Examples (critical edition of Igor' Tale)
• Document instance (main XML file)
• XML Declaration
• Doctype Declaration
• Data with markup
• Document Type Definition (DTD)
• Elements
• Attributes
• Transformation Stylesheets (XSLT)
• Target files (HTML)
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• Batch file

3
The XML Declaration

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt

4
Doctype Declaration

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• lt!DOCTYPE text SYSTEM "igor.dtd"gt

5
Document Type Definition

• lt!ELEMENT text (title, stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT title (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• lt!ELEMENT notegroup (item, variant?, note)gt
• lt!ELEMENT item (PCDATA variant)gt
• lt!ELEMENT note (p stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT p (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT stanza (line)gt
• lt!ELEMENT line (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• lt!ELEMENT variant (rdg)gt
• lt!ELEMENT rdg (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ATTLIST rdg wit (likh p k) "likh"gt

6
What the Instance Looks Like

• lthtmlgt
• ltheadgtlttitlegtTitle goes herelt/titlegtlt/headgt
• ltbodygt
• lth1gtHeading goes herelt/h1gt
• ltpgtParagraph text goes herelt/pgt
• lt/bodygt
• lt/htmlgt

7
Non-Empty and Empty Elements

• Element content
• ltagtltbgt lt/bgtlt/agt
• Character data (PCDATA) content
• ltagtblah, blah, blahlt/agt
• Mixed content
• ltagtblah ltbgt lt/bgt blahlt/agt
• Some elements are empty
• ltagtlt/agt
• lta/gt

8
Element Declarations 1

• Examples
• lt!ELEMENT text (title, stanza) gt
• lt!ELEMENT line (PCDATA variant notegroup) gt
• Element name and content model
• PCDATA parsed character data (plain text)
• lttextgt
• lttitlegtblah blah blahlt/titlegt
• ltstanzagt lt/stanzagt
• ltstanzagt lt/stanzagt
• lt/textgt

9
Element Declarations 2

• Examples
• lt!ELEMENT text (title, stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT line (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• Connectors
• Sequence (,)
• Any order ()

10
Element Declarations 3

• Examples
• lt!ELEMENT text (title, stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT line (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• Repetition
• Exactly one (no repetition indicator)
• Zero or one (?)
• One or more ()
• Zero or more ()

11
Attribute Declarations

• Example
• lt!ELEMENT rdg (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ATTLIST rdg wit (likh p k) "likh"gt
• Element name, attribute name, token list, default
• ltrdg wit"likh"gt?????lt/rdggt

12
Document Type Declaration

• lt!ELEMENT text (title, stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT title (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• lt!ELEMENT notegroup (item, variant?, note)gt
• lt!ELEMENT item (PCDATA variant)gt
• lt!ELEMENT note (p stanza)gt
• lt!ELEMENT p (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT stanza (line)gt
• lt!ELEMENT line (PCDATA variant notegroup)gt
• lt!ELEMENT variant (rdg)gt
• lt!ELEMENT rdg (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ATTLIST rdg wit (likh p k) "likh"gt

13
The Document Instance

• ltlinegt??? ???? ??????
• ltvariantgt
• ltrdg wit"likh"gt?????lt/rdggt
• ltrdg wit"p"gt?????lt/rdggt
• ltrdg wit"k"gt?????lt/rdggt
• lt/variantgt ???????,
• lt/linegt

14
XSLT

• Extensible Stylesheet Language for
  Transformations
• Can rearrange elements (unlike other stylesheet
  strategies)
• Programming language for manipulating XML
• Use XSLT transformation engine to generate HTML
  from XML

15
HTML

• Hypertext Markup Language
• Why not just create HTML in the first place?
• XML easier to edit and maintain
• XML supports multiple output formats from single
  source

16
CSS

• Cascading Stylesheets
• External stylesheet
• Internal style commands
• Decorate the tree
• Cannot rearrange elements
• Likh ???????? ????????(4) ? ????? ???????,P
  ???????? ???????? ? ????? ???????,K ????????
  ???????? ? ????? ???????,
• ltspan style"color red"gt?????lt/spangt

17
Batch File

• saxon -o igor.html igor.xml score.xsl
• saxon -o commentary.html igor.xml commentary.xsl
• saxon -o igor1.html igor.xml igor.xsl
• saxon -o variants.html igor.xml variants.xsl