Introduction to HTML

1
Introduction to HTML

• INP150 Basic HTML
• Instructor Paul J. Millis

2
HTML

• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language
• Subset of SGML (Standardized General Markup
  Language) 
• Elements
• Titles
• Paragraphs
• Lists
• Tables
• Images
• Consists of header and body

3
Creating HTML

• You can create an HTML document with any word
  processor or text editor
• HTML is not case sensitive XHTML, the next
  iteration is
• HTML browsers will ignore any extra spaces that
  exist
• Allows you to make it readable
• Returns at the end of paragraphs will not appear
• Save as text only with an htm or html suffix (be
  consistent)
• Dont save as html

4
Tags

• Written between angle brackets
• Usually come in pairs
• A closing tag should correspond to the last
  unclosed opening tag
• Use same command word
• Closing has extra forward slash
• Attributes precede the final closing bracket
• Space between multiple attributes
• Values should be enclosed in straight (" ")
  rather than curly quotes
• Tags are not case sensitive

5
Structure

• A Web Page contains these tags
• lthtmlgtlt/htmlgt
• ltheadgtlt/headgt
• lttitlegtlt/titlegt
• TITLE effects how search engines find things
• TITLE is what is on the blue bar on top of
  browser
• ltbodygtlt/bodygt

6
Headers

• Think of headers as hierarchical dividers
• There are 6 levels
• You will seldom use more than 3
• E.G. lth1gtMain Headinglt/h1gt

7
Paragraphs

• In order to start new paragraphs in HTML, use the
  ltpgt tag
• lt/Pgt is not required but is available and SHOULD
  be used
• nbsp between paragraph tags will add space

8
Checking Your Progress

• Check your page in a browser (or several)
• FILE/OPEN PAGE is used
• It isnt necessary to publish your pages before
  you view them
• Use RELOAD after making changes to Web Page

9
XHTML

• XHTML is not very different from HTML 4.01
• XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup
  Language
• XHTML is aimed to replace HTML
• XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01
• XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML
• XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application

10
Getting Ready for XHTML

• Bringing your code up to 4.01 standards is a very
  good start
• Learn to write your HTML code in lowercase
  letters
• NEVER make the bad habit of skipping end tags
  like the lt/pgt or lt/ligt
• Empty elements must either have an end tag or the
  start tag must end with /gt
• To make your XHTML compatible with today's
  browsers, you should add an extra space before
  the "/" symbol like this ltbr  /gt, and this lthr 
  /gt. 
• Elements must be properly nested
• Elements must be nested within the lthtmlgt root
  element