Zones of a city 2

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Zones of a city 2
Suburbs As you move beyond the CBD and inner
city, a typical city will then move into the
suburbs. The are usually divided into the Inner
suburbs built around the 1930s onwards and the
Outer suburbs built in the 1950s onwards.
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The suburbs were built with urban planning in
mind. This means that rather than building
cramped housing that offered little benefits to
residents, the suburbs were well thought out.
You will notice from aerial photos that the
houses are more spaced out. Common features
include gardens and garages. More open space was
created for leisure. Facilities for families such
as schools were built. The road layout also
changes. Often you may notice cul-de-sacs and the
roads appear bendy or curved rather than always
being grid patterns.
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Improvements in transportation such as buses,
trams and use of private cars have allowed people
to live further away from the main areas of
work. You can think of push and pull factors
that have influenced peoples decision to leave
the inner city homes and move to new suburban
locations. E.g. Push Higher pollution and
crime rates in the inner city Pull More open
spaces and parks for leisure in the suburbs
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• We can generalise about the characteristics of
  the suburbs. As you move further away from the
  CBD
• The age of buildings will decreases (they are
  newer)
• The of ethnic minorities decreases (although
  census data suggests this is slowly changing).
• The income of people also increases
• The car ownership increases
• Long term Illness rates decrease
• The number of terraced houses decreases and
  detached increases.

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Be aware that not all cities follow a standard
pattern. There is no perfect definition for a
suburb and you may find old Victorian suburbs.
Most suburbs consist of semi detached and
detached housing. Generally older suburbs will
tend to have more semi detached housing. A semi
detached house is connected to another house on
one side whereas a detached house is not
connected in any way.
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Some early developments of suburbs. This photo
and map extract clearly show more open space than
in the inner city. The housing is still quite
close together but you can see the gardens at the
back of the houses and green common land for use
by residents.
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Note the road structure. It bends and does not
follow the same pattern as an inner city. The
houses are clearly more spaced out and population
density is lower.
A semi detached council house. Many of the
original houses comprised of metal window frames
and privet hedges to save money for local
authorities.
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A classic 1950s private Semi. Note the inclusion
of a garage as car ownership was on the increase.
The bay windows offered more light.
This semi detached house is probably a Victorian
building and may have had sash windows. Also
there is no garage.
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A more modern detached house in an outer suburb.
The brick work clearly looks newer and this house
may be less than 20 years old. It has a huge
amount of land.
1960s flats built in the suburbs. These are low
rise and were more likely to be occupied by the
elderly and non families.
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Manchester suburbs Withington and Didsbury
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Zone 4 Rural / Urban Fringe This is the area
where the city meets the country side. It is
characterised by a mixture of land uses. You may
find some large new housing estates which may
later become another suburb of the expanding
city. Also in this area farming will constitute
a large proportion of land use. Increasingly
since the 1980s many Out of town shopping sites
were built in this zone including retail parks
for stores such as IKEA as well as high street
Shopping outlets such as Bluewater.
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Others land uses may include airports,
reservoirs, golf courses and the main motorway
connections. The rural urban fringe has land
known as green field sites. This means that the
land has not been built on. It is usually cheaper
to develop than Brownfield sites in the inner
city. Many cities have a greenbelt around them.
This is protected land that was set up in 1949 to
try to prevent cities spreading out to far and
destroying the countryside.
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Huge retail parks and out of town shopping
centres occupying space on the urban / rural
fringe.
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You can see the area south of London where the
rural urban fringe exists around the motorway.
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In Manchester notice how the urban area changes
as you leave the southern suburb of Didsbury.
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On a different scale we can see the outline of
southern Manchester. The motorways circle around
the edge. The abundance of farmland is evident
versus the darker built up areas.