Unit 1 Colonialism Honors US AMDG

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Unit 1 Colonialism Honors US AMDG
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Introduction

• European Economy was truly global.
• Greatest human catastrophe
• 90 of Native Americans died
• 10s of millions of slaves imported to the new
  world.
• Cultural differences were immense, and sadly left
  conflict inevitable.

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Summary of three main colonial powers

• Spain 1.) Christianize and control
• France 2.) Strong relations w/ natives
  Jesuit conversions
• British 3.) Move westward and or
  exterminate the native population

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Introduction

• European Foundations
• 16th Century European Colonial Distribution
• Emergence of the British Colonies
• World Wide Effects

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I). Pre-Columbian America

• Overview
• Migration from Asia
• Lifestyles
• Demographics
• Civilizations of the South
• 1). Maya
• 2). Aztecs
• 3). Inca
• Civilizations of the North
• 1). Generalities
• 2). Major Civilizations

-Arrived 40K years ago---to the tip of SA 8K
years ago. --Hunted for meat and animal furs
semi nomadic fishing villages. --By 1500 B.C.
perm. Fishing villages in NE Mexico,
South-Central Mexico. --Societies were extremely
advanced and rivaled many of Europe. --North was
less sedentary many societies were matrilineal
. --Trade was a sign of wealth a boycott was
tantamount to a declaration of war.
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Pueblo were the most advanced of the NA
societies. Mound builders of the Midwest Choctaw
and Cherokee in the Southeast Iroquois were in
the northeaststrong military strong political
organization
Major differences between the European and Native
Populations 1.) Farming and crop techniques 2.)
War 3.) Religion 1. Inquisition 2.
witches 3. Eucharist
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II). European Settlement

• 16th Century European Development
• Secularization and the Renaissance
• Mercantilism
• Exploration, Maritime Development and new routes
  to Asia
• Motivations for Exploration
• Increased competition between nations and
  religions
• New technology
• 1.) guns, sails, mapping
• Economic markets
• 2.) mercantilism and precious metals
• 3.) Desire to Christianize people

Spanish Settlement 1). Columbus Major
Voyages 1493 Treaty of Tordesillas Influence
on the Conquistadors a. Gold, glory,
God Spain became the major maritime power
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Cycle of Conquest Colonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
OfficialEuropeanColony!
Missionaries
PermanentSettlers
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• The Conquistadors
• Major Conquistadors
• Balboa Panama and the Pacific, 1513
• De Leon Florida, 1513
• Magellan Circumnavigation, 1519-21
• Cortez Aztecs and Central Mexico, 1520
• Pizarro Inca and Peru, 1532
• De Soto American South, 1529-42
• Coronado American SW, 1540-42
• Motives / Outcomes
• Greed / Notoriety
• Influx of American Gold / Silver
• Encomiendas
• Transition to Empire Building

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• The Spanish Empire (1520-1800)
• Transitions (Graph)
• Economy
• Government
• Demographics

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• The Spanish and the Native Americans
• Columbian Exchange
• Encomiendas
• The Native American Holocaust
• Rigid Social Hierarchy
• Obliteration of Native Culture
• The Spanish and the Slave Trade
• African Cultures
• Role of the Portuguese in Brazil
• Use of Slaves in Spanish Colonies
• 1600-1650 Slavery Becomes Black

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The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
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The Columbian Exchange
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New Patterns of World Trade
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• Other European Settlers
• The Portuguese
• Prince Henry the Navigator, Early 15th Century
• Dias De Gama, 1490s
• Line of Demarcation
• 17th Century Decline
• The French
• 1534 Cartier _at_ Montreal
• 16th Century Religious Civil Wars
• 1608 Quebec
• Black Robes Coureur de Bois
• Demographics
• Ties w/ Natives
• Main colonial rivals to the English
• Influence exceeded numbers
• --Only Catholics were allowed
• The Dutch

Coureur de Bois
New Amsterdam, 1624
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• English Settlement
• Motives
• Political Transitions
• -Utopia
• Mercantilism
• --new markets for wool/alleviate poverty
• Enclosure, Poverty and Landless Poor
• --population crisis
• Protestant Reformation
• --LutheranBible/Salvation
• --Anglican, Calvinism, Puritanism
• --Henry VIIIMary IElizabeth I
• Factors Affecting Settlement
• Irish Experience
• Plantation Model
• NW Passage
• European Competition

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European Powers in North America 1700
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III). The English Colonies 1607-1733
John Smith

• Introduction
• Early exploration and 1588
• --several failed attempts at colonization
• -- Defeat of the Spanish Armada
  emboldened English efforts.
• 4 Distinct Regions
• Unlike some colonial powers, English colonies
  varied widely on govt. / economy/ demographics
• 1.) N. England 2.) Chesapeake
• 3.) Mid-Atlantic 4.) South
• Charters
• --Right to colonize a certain area
• 1.) Royal 2.) Corporate 3.) Proprietary
• Independence and self-government
• --Once again variety was evident.
• --Most tended to become royal colonies
• --Constant tension between crown and colonists

Jamestown, 1609
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• The Chesapeake
• Origins
• 1607 Jamestown
• Geography
• Starving Time and Immigration
• --80 mortality rate 1607-1620
• Economy
• John Rolfe and Tobacco, 1612
• 1616 Headrights
• --Land was the one thing they always had enough
  of
• 1620 Demographics
• --total lack of family structure
• --16101624 10K immigrants/1.2K survival
• --long term survival was based on ag. Contact w/
  Natives
• Effect on Natives
• Anglo-Powhatan Wars 1614-1644
• Irish Tactics

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Jamestown Fort Settlement(Computer Generated)
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High Mortality Rates
The Starving Time 1607 104 colonists By
spring, 1608 38 survived 1609 300 more
immigrants By spring, 1610 60 survived 1610
1624 10,000 immigrants 1624 population
1,200 Adult life expectancy 40 years Death of
children before age 5 80
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Powhatan Confederacy