Fig' 1' TNF cell signaling pathway leading to apoptosis, survival, and proliferation' XIAP, cIAP1, a

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Fig. 1. TNF cell signaling pathway leading to
apoptosis, survival, and proliferation. XIAP,
c-IAP-1, and cIAP-2 have been shown to inhibit
caspase-3, -7, and -9. Survivin binds an
IAP-inhibiting protein, Smac/ DIABLO, thus
releassing IAP to suppress caspases.
Biochem Pharm (2003) 66, 14031408
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U. Gaur, B.B. Aggarwal, Regulation of
proliferation, survival and apoptosis by members
of the TNF superfamily. Biochem Pharm (2003) 66,
14031408.
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Biochem Pharm (2003) 66, 14031408
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• Nicholson (2000) Nature 407, 810

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H. Yagita, K. Takeda, Y. Hayakawa, M. J. Smyth
and K. Okumura. TRAIL and its receptors as
targets for cancer therapy Cancer Sci (2004) 95,
777783
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Cancer Sci (2004) 95, 777783
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TGFb
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Y. Shi and J. Massague, Mechanisms of TGF-b
Signaling from Cell Membrane to the Nucleus. Cell
(2003) 113, 685700
Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram of TGF- Signaling from
Cell Membrane to the Nucleus Orange ligand and
receptor activation, Gray Smad and receptor
inactivation, Green Smad activation and
formation of a transcriptional complex, Blue
Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Green circles
phosphate Red circles ubiquitin
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Fig. 2. A Schematic Relationship Describing TGF-
Ligands, Li- gand Binding Traps, Accessory
Receptors, and the Type I and II receptors.
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 4. Assembly of the Ligand-Receptor
Complexes
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 4. Assembly of the Ligand-Receptor
Complexes (A) Structure of the extracellular
ligand binding domain of the type II TGF-
receptor B) Structure of the extracellular
ligand binding domain of the type IA BMP receptor
bound to BMP2
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 4. Assembly of the Ligand-Receptor
Complexes C) Structure of the extracellular
ligand binding domain of the type II TGF-
receptor bound to TGF- 3
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 4. Assembly of the Ligand-Receptor
Complexes D) Structure of the extracellular
ligand binding domain of the type II Activin
receptor bound to BMP7
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 4. Assembly of the Ligand-Receptor
Complexes E) A structural model of the complete
extracellular TGF- receptor complex.
Cell (2003) 113, 685700
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Figure 5. Activation of the Type I Receptor
Kinase and Recognition of R-SmadIn the basal
state, type I receptor remains unphosphorylated
This conformation can be recognized either by
FKBP12 for sequestration in an inactive state
(leftward arrow) or by TRII for phosphorylation
in the GS domain (rightward arrow). After
phosphorylation, TRI uses its GS domain and L45
loop to interact with the basic pocket and L3
loop of an R-Smad, resulting in its
phosphorylation in the C-terminal SXS motif. The
pThr/pSer-X-pSer motif on the R-Smad and the type
I receptor is shown as green spheres.
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