Perspectives

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Perspectives

• Historically psychological disorders were
  perceived to be demon possessions
• in late 1700s, Pinel proposed that disorders were
  in fact a sickness
• mental illness should involve diagnosis and
  treatment
• Modern day theory includes Bio-Psycho-Social
  Perspective

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The Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
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Psychological Disorders

• Definition behavior that is
• dysfunctional
• harmful
• maladaptive
• atypical
• unjustifiable
• Definition is culture bound-certain behaviors are
  appropriate in one county and not in another

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Major Categories

• Anxiety disorders-marked by distressing anxiety
  and behaviors to cope
• Mood disorders-involves mood extremes of
  depression and/or mania
• Personality disorders impaired social
  functioning
• Schizophrenia disordered thinking about oneself
  and world

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Anxiety Disorders

• Generalized anxiety disorder-takes anxiety to the
  extreme tense and jittery
• Phobia-focus anxiety on a specific object
• Social Phobia people attempt to avoid
  potentially embarrassing social situations
• PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress disorder)
• Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal
• Post traumatic growth

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Some Common and Uncommon Fears
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Anxiety, cont.

• Obsessive -compulsive disorders
• anxiety followed by repetitive behaviors
• obsessive thoughts are consuming (e.g., I am
  going to die)
• Rituals are very time consuming (e.g., if I lock
  the door 8 times, I wont die)
• Example driving same route to work, counting how
  many times someone brushes their teeth, arranging
  towels in a certain way

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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder falls in which
category of disorders?

• A. Mood disorder
• B. Personality disorder
• C. Thought disorder
• D. Anxiety disorder

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Having to lock a door exactly 8 times each night
is an example of which part of OCD?

• A. Obsession
• B. Compulsion

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Which disorder is referred to as the common cold
of mental disorders?

• A. Anxiety
• B. Depression
• C. Schizophrenia
• D. Antisocial personality disorder

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Which thing do I have a phobia about?

• Spiders
• Heights
• Mice
• Airplanes

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Mood Disorders

• Depression
• Prolonged hopelessness and lethargy
• Dysthymic disorder down in the dumps feeling for
  2 or more years
• Major Depressive disorder
• Bipolar disorder
• Manic hyperactive, wildly optimistic phase
• Depression phase

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Symptoms of Major Depression

• Not enjoying life
• Weight loss or gain
• Change in sleep patterns
• Lethargic and feelings of fatigue
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Lack of concentration
• Thoughts of suicide
• Watch for these signs over a 2 week period

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Disassociative disorders

• Disassociative Identity Disorder
• Previously was called multiple personality
  disorder
• characterized by 2 or more distinct identities
• Many are skeptical if it exists assumes that we
  do have repressed memories

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Old label was sociopath
• Characterized by low levels of regret over
  actions (or non-existent regret), impulsive,
  uninhibited, and not very influenced by social
  rewards

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Schizophrenia

• characterized by a break with reality (or split
  mind
• behavior can be fragmented, bizarre, distorted or
  delusional

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Symptoms of Schizophrenia

• Disorganized Thinking
• Disturbed Perceptions
• Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

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Risk of Developing Schizophrenia
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Psychological Disorders Summary

• Defined as deviant, distressful and dysfunctional
  behavior patterns
• Culturally bound definition
• There appears to be both genetic and
  environmental components
• Diagnostic labels (DSM-IV) provide information,
  but can also create problems (people treated
  those perceived as mentally ill differently).
• How are mental disorders portrayed in the media?