enerbal show

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Bridging the energy divideenergy,
sustainability and the WSSD
GLOBE SA First Parliamentary Conference ahead of
the WSSD Parliament of South Africa, 23 October
2001 Randall Spalding-Fecher
Energy Development Research CentreUniversity
of Cape Town
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Overview

• Visions of energy and sustainable development
• African and South African energy priorities
• Energy and the international sustainable
  development debate
• Where do we stand? Outcomes of CSD9
• What can we expect from WSSD?
• Innovation in international actions
• Role of parliamentarians

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Visions of energy and sustainable development

• Energy as catalyst for economic and social
  development and poverty alleviation
• Importance of energy services rather than energy
  per se cant eat a kilowatt hour
• Massive increase in access to affordable, clean
  energy essential to sustainable development two
  billion with no commercial energy
• Perceived tension between the cost of access and
  the cost of environmental sustainability but
  most energy is wasted, so huge potential for
  win-win
• Revolution in energy technology can support this

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Articulating a vision
Targets
Population with access to clean, affordable
energy eg SA goals of universal access to
electricity
National, Regional and International policies and
measures Implementation mechanisms and
partners Resources how much will it cost and
who will pay?
Share of renewable energy or electricity eg
Eskom says 5-10 of electricity output by 2020
from renewables
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African priorities New Africa Initiative/
Millennium Africa Plan

• Targets
• Cut extreme poverty in half from 1990 to 2015
• Increase access to commercial energy from 10 to
  35 by 2015
• Support major boost in GDP growth to 7
• Reverse environmental degradation from
  traditional fuels
• Mechanisms/actions
• eg African Forum of utility regulators,
• Implement strategies for regional development of
  hydropower, grid and pipelines
• Resources
• ODA targets of 0.7 of GNP must be met, plus
  accelerate debt relief, innovative infrastructure
  financing

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South African priorities

• White Paper on Energy Policy
• Improved access
• Improving energy sector governance
• Improving economic efficiency
• Increase diversity of supply sources
• Minimise environmental impacts of energy
• Targets? Actions? Resources?
• How can international actions support these goals?

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At what level is action effective?
Specific policies to promote access, renewables,
etc - e.g. renewable electricity set aside,
equipment and building efficiency standards,
vehicle efficiency standards, wires charge to
fund public benefits programmes
National
Regional infrastructure (pipelines, grids) and
trade, harmonising regulations, achieving
economies of scale, information exchange
Regional
Financing commitments and mechanisms (eg GEF,
CDM), global target setting, technology transfer
commitments and mechanisms, information
sharing/networking support
International/ North-South
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Energy in the international debate
UNCED (1992)No energy, but adopt UNFCCC
Rio5 (1997) Decide to consider energy in CSD
process
Millennium Summit (2000) Poverty targets, and
environment but no energy targets
CSD9(2001)Recom-mendations for national,
regional and international action
WSSD(2002) Energy Programme of action?
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CSD9 - Energy for sustainable development
Areas
Cross-cutting issues

• Accessibility of energy
• Energy efficiency
• Renewable energy
• Rural energy
• Energy and transport
• Advanced fossil technologies
• Nuclear technologies

• Research development
• Capacity building
• Technology transfer
• Information sharing
• Financial resources
• Making markets work no harmful subsidies
• Participation

National/international Targets?
International actions?
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CSD9 International actions

• Removing harmful subsidies to make markets work
• Increase financial resources and use them in
  innovative ways
• Public-private partnerships to promote
  renewables, energy efficiency and advanced fossil
• Networking centres of excellence on energy for
  sustainable development capacity building
• Grants and loans to share infrastructure costs
• Use international financial structures to help
  manage risk
• Equal opportunities for women, including credit
  and policy making

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What can we expect from WSSD on energy?

• Political statement the Global Deal with
  overarching goals
• Programme of Action how to implement CSD9 policy
  goals
• international actions partnerships as much as
  institutions and instruments
• National actions menu for governments
• Targets and timeframes key part of Global Deal
  and POA
• How to engage stakeholders in broader commitment?
  incentives voluntary, multi-stakeholder deal on
  partnerships

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Partnerships approach G8 Renewable Energy Task
Force

• Ambitious targets for 2010
• Improved biomass use for 200 m, access to
  renewable electricity for 300 m, access to grid
  by 500 m (300 m in developing countries)
• Clear roles for partners
• G8 governments, international financial
  institutions (IFIs) , private sector, other
  governments, civil society
• Detailed set of programmes
• Eg expand RD programmes, formulate smart
  subsidies for RE and remove harmful ones,
  voluntary commitments by industry, realign flows
  from IFIs

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Innovative international actions

• Stronger guidance to international financial
  institutions and export credit agencies
• Ratify Kyoto Protocol
• World Energy Forum for global dialogue
• Permanent UN inter-agency task force on energy
• Annual meetings on global sustainable energy
  finance
• International energy clearinghouse and training
  initiative
• World sustainable energy programme and financing

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Role of parliamentarians

• As negotiators, push for global deal and
  commitment to access to clean, affordable energy
  for all
• Implement national and international
  recommendations through legislation (e.g.
  national energy policies, ODA commitments)
• Engage departments to set national targets and
  write into law
• Monitor national progress toward sustainability
• e.g. 10 of electricity from renewables by 2020
• Universal access to commercial energy
• 10 improvement in national energy efficiency by
  2010

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Eight sustainability indicators for the energy
sector
1. Carbon emissions per capita
2. Most important local energy pollutant
Environment
3. Access to electricity
4. Clean energy investment
Society
6. Burden of energy investments
5. Vulnerability to trade
Economy
8. Share of renewable energy
7. Energy intensity
Technology
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