National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service NESDIS Center for Satellite Applicati

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National Environmental Satellite, Data and
Information Service (NESDIS)Center for Satellite
Applications and Research (STAR)(Formerly ORA)

• Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division

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Satellite Oceanography and Climate Division
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Science Teams in SOCD

• Altimetry -- Laury Miller
• Corals Mark Eakin
• Ocean Color Menghua Wang Mike Ondrusek
• CoastWatch/OceanWatch Paul Digiacomo
• Ocean Winds Paul Chang
• Sea Ice Pablo Clemente-Colon
• Sea Surface Temperature Atmospheric Corrections
  Alex Ignatov
• GOES Sea Surface Temperature Eileen Maturi
• Surface Roughness Bill Pichel

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Sea Surface Height Team
Time Scales
CLIMATE SEA LEVEL RISE DECADAL VARIABILITY ENSO
NEAR REAL TIME HURRICANE INTENSITY
FORECASTING SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHTS
Global Sea Level Rise
Hurricane Intensity
Global Bathymetry
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Altimeter Measured Sea Level Rise 1993 to 2007
Were using a combination of Satellite Altimetry
(massvolume), Argo(volume), GRACE (mass) to
determine rate causes of regional sea level
rise.
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Towards AVHRR SST/Aerosol Stewardship and
improved Climate Data Records at STAR
Alexander Ignatov STAR John Sapper OSDPD Yury
Kihai STAR/Perot Systems Prasanjit Dash
STAR/CIRA Alexander Frolov OSDPD/Perot
Systems Dlikushi De Alwis STAR/CIRA XingMing
Liang STAR/CIRA Boris Petrenko STAR/IMSG
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AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)
NOW 5 AVHRR/3 in space NOAA-15/K, 0730/1930, May
1998 NOAA-16/L, 0200/1400, Sep 2000 NOAA-17/M,
1000/2200, Jun 2002 NOAA-18/N, 0200/1400, May
2005 METOP-A/2, 0930/2130, Nov 2006
Objective Derive, maintain, improve SST/Aerosol
Climate Data Records (CDR) from multiple AVHRRs
FUTURE 3 AVHRR/3 to fly NOAA-19/N, 0200/1400,
Mar 2008 METOP-B/1, 0930/2130, Jun
2010 METOP-C/3, 0930/2130, Dec 2014
PAST (1978-1999) 4 AVHRR/1 (TIROS-N, N-6, 8,
10) 5 AVHRR/2 (NOAA-7, 9, 11, 12, 14)
STAR has all AVHRR L1b data online Key element
of Stewardship
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AVHRR Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO)
Clear-Sky Radiances/SST/Aerosol
NESDIS is developing ACSPO. (Will become
operational in January 2008). ACSPO is a
high-resolution processor which can process GAC
(4km) and FRAC (1km) AVHRR data, globally. It
will replace the heritage Main Unit Task (MUT)
system. (Developed by NESDIS in the 1980s
currently operational at NESDIS and NAVO.) Also,
ACSPO will be used to reprocess historical L1b
into CDR.
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In-situ SST Essential element of satellite SST

• In-situ bulk SST Key element of satellite SST
• Cal SST algorithm (early in mission)
• Val SST retrievals (for the rest of mission)

Day Split-window NLSST
ao -253.308 a1 0.934004 a2 0.0724457 a3
0.748044 _______________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________ R2  0.989418 N
of Obs 3120 ____________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
____________________________________ Recalculated
SST Bias 1.7126410-5 K Recalculated SST
STD 0.467033 K N of bad match-ups (outside
4K) 0
Satellite SST will be reconciled with in-situ
SSTs (NCEP/GTS, GODAE/FNMOC, ICOADS)
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In-situ SST Extensive Quality Control needed
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SST Stewardship at STAR Planned Work

• ACSPO GAC (4km) SST/Aerosol Operational in Dec
  2007
• Stewardship framework at STAR
• Initial Focus NOAA-KLMN MetOp (1998-on)
• Comprehensive sensors characterization of 5
  AVHRR/3s
• Comprehensive inventory and QC of in-situ SSTs
• NCEP GTS Near-Real Time (1991-on)
• FNMOC/GODAE Near-Real Time (1998-on)
• ICOADS Delayed Mode (1981-on)
• Climatology
• Reconcile AVHRR SSTs into a CDR
• between different AVHRR instruments
• with in-situ SSTs and SST climatology

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Ocean Observations Supported by GOES-Sea Surface
Temperatures
Celso Barrientos
Center for Satellite Applications and Research
(STAR) Satellite Oceanography Climate Division
(SOCD)
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Climatic SST Data Set From GOES
Integrated Products Team

• Eileen Maturi, STAR/SOCD
• Andy Harris and Jon Mittaz, CICS/University of
  Maryland
• Wen Meng, Perot Systems
• John Bates and Richard Reynolds, NCDC
• Ken Casey, NODC
• Paul Digiacomo, CoastWatch Manager

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Reprocessing of GOES-SST data from the
GOES-Imager archive (1994 present).

• Reprocessing System in place at STAR/SOCD
• NCDC has current and future GOES radiance data
  available for reprocessing runs.
• System has been tested on radiance data from NCDC
• Reprocess all GOES radiance data with optimized
  GOES SST code.
• RTM Retrieval Methodology
• Probabilistic Bayesian Cloud Mask
• Calibration Correction
• Radiance Bias Correction
• Validate the reprocessed data and provide results
  to the user community.
• Enable NCDC to access the most up-to-date
  reprocessed data for evaluation and availability
  to the user community.
• Reprocess GOES radiance data whenever there is a
  significant improvement to the operational
  process scheme.

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BENEFIT FOR OCEAN OBSERVATIONS

• GOES SSTS Climatic Data Set
• Fill in the gap between in situ observations
• Aid in the interpretation of in-situ data
• Help resolve diurnal cycle (in-situ data)
• in-situ data usually measured at fixed synoptic
  times
• Provides an overall SST pattern of spatial and
  temporal variability
• aids in the interpretation of ancient (sparse) in
  situ data via Empirical Orthogonal Functions
  (EOF)/Empirical Orthogonal Telecommunications
  (EOT) reconstruction

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Remote Sensing of Ocean and Atmosphere
Properties Menghua Wang, STAR/SOCD/MECB

• Current Research Group
• Dr. Menghua Wang, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR.
• Dr. Wei Shi, Post-doc Research Associate, UMBC.
• Dr. Young-Baek Son, NRC Post-doc Fellow.
• Dr. Hao Zhang, CIRA-NOAA/NESDIS Post-doc Fellow.
• Dr. Seung-Hyun Son, Research Scientist/Analyst,
  IMSG.
• Dr. Xiaoming Liu, Research Scientist/Analyst, SP
  Systems, Inc.

SeaWiFS Chlorophyll-a Concentration(October
1997-December 2003)

• Research Applications
• Radiative transfer modeling.
• Ocean color and aerosol remote sensing.
• Remote retrievals and in situ measurements of
  ocean and aerosol properties.
• Development of calibration and validation
  techniques.
• Development of the data merging methods from
  various satellite measurements.

• Development of techniques for using remote
  sensing data for various applications.

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Current Grants and Projects Menghua Wang

• PI, Refinement of the MODIS atmospheric
  correction algorithm for the ocean color
  products, NASA MODIS grant for 2004-2007.
• PI, Assessment and evaluation of the
  atmospheric correction algorithm for the NPP
  VIIRS ocean color EDRs, NASA NPP grant for
  2004-2007.
• PI, Ocean Color Remote Sensing in the Coastal
  Regions, NASA ROSES-2005 NNH05ZDA001N grant for
  2006-2009.
• Leader, NPOESS Data Exploration (NDE) Project
  for Ocean Color Products, NOAA funding 2006-2010.
  
• PI, Development, Refinement, and Evaluation of
  the Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for the
  Ocean Color Products, NASA ROSES-2006
  NNH06ZDA001N-EOS. (Pending)
• Co-Is, for three (3) other proposals submitted
  to NASA. (Pending)

nLw(645)
E D
B A C
Ocean Spectra
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Recent Publications (2006-present)

• Peer-Reviewed Publications
• Wang, M., J. Tang, and W. Shi, MODIS-derived
  ocean color products along the China east coastal
  region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06611,
  doi10.1029/2006GL028599, 2007.
• Voss, K. J. and H. Zhang, Bi-directional
  reflectance of particulate layers effects of
  pore liquid absorption coefficients, J. Quant.
  Spectr. Rad. Trans., 105, 405-413, 2007.
• Son, Y. B., W. D. Gardner, A. V. Mishonov, and M.
  J. Richardson, Multispectral Remote Sensing
  Algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC)
  in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophy. Res.
  (Submitted).
• Shi, W. and M. Wang, Observations of Hurricane
  Katrina-induced phytoplankton bloom in the Gulf
  of Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett. (Accepted).
• Shi, W. and M. Wang, Detection of turbid waters
  and absorbing aerosols for the MODIS ocean color
  data processing, Remote Sens. Environ. (In
  press).
• Wang, M., Remote sensing of the ocean
  contributions from ultraviolet to near-infrared
  using the shortwave bands simulations, Appl.
  Opt., 46, 1535-1547, 2007.
• Wang, M., Aerosol polarization effects on
  atmospheric correction and aerosol retrievals in
  ocean color remote sensing, Appl. Opt., 45,
  8951-8963, 2006. (The paper was featured as the
  cover story for the 10 December 2006 issue)
• Wang, M. and W. Shi, Cloud masking for ocean
  color data processing in the coastal regions,
  IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 44,
  3196-3205, 2006.
• Wang, M., Effects of ocean surface reflectance
  variation with solar elevation on normalized
  water-leaving radiance, Appl. Opt., 45,
  4122-4128, 2006.
• Zhang, H. and K. J. Voss, Bi-directional
  reflectance study on dry, wet and submerged
  particulate surfaces effects of pore liquid
  refractive index and translucent particle
  concentrations, Appl. Opt., 45, 8753-8763, 2006.
• Voss, K. J. and H. Zhang, Bidirectional
  reflectance of dry and submerged Labsphere
  Spectralon plaque, Appl. Opt., 45, 7924-7927,
  2006.

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Ocean Color Spectrum
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Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Sensor-Measured
Green ocean
Blue ocean
Atmospheric Correction (removing gt90
signals) Calibration (0.5 error in TOA gtgtgtgt 5
in surface)
From H. Gordon
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SeaWiFSSea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor
Example of Satellite Sensor
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Phytoplankton
Diameter lt 1 ?m to over 100 ?m
Ocean Deserts
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Coral Reef Watch Climate Observations Workshop
NESDIS/STAR/SOCD Marine Ecosystems Climate
BranchJune 5-7, 2007Silver Spring, Maryland
Coral Reef Watch website http//coralreefwatch.no
aa.gov/
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CRW Team C. Mark Eakin (NOAA/NESDIS) Dwight
Gledhill (NOAA/NESDIS, IMSG) Gang Liu
(NOAA/NESDIS, IMSG) Jessica Morgan (NOAA/NESDIS,
IMSG) Tyler Christensen (NOAA/NESDIS,
IMSG) William Skirving (NOAA/NESDIS, QSEC) Scott
Heron (NOAA/NESDIS, QSEC) Al Strong (NOAA/NESDIS,
IMSG)
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CRW Current Activities

• Program Description
• Research, develop, and transition to operations
  new and improved satellite-derived monitoring
  products for coral reef bleaching
• Utilize remote sensing and in situ tools for
  near-real-time and long-term monitoring, modeling
  and reporting of physical environmental
  conditions of coral reef ecosystems
• Assist in the management, study, and assessment
  of impacts of environmental change on coral reef
  ecosystems
• Program Linkages
• NOAA Matrix Program Coral Reef Conservation
  Program - Monitoring
• NOAA Research Program Goal 2 Climate - Climate
  Ecosystems
• NESDIS Goals Ecosystems Climate
• Program Users
• NOAA and other federal agency researchers and
  managers
• State, territory, and local managers
• Domestic and international NGOs and academic
  partners
• FY07 Budget 1,252K
• NESDIS Product Development Readiness and
  Application 737K
• NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program 325K
• NOAA Climate Program 50K
• World Bank Coral Reef Targeted Research 140K

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CRW Accomplishments FY06-07

• Experimental pCO2 Algorithm (Apr-2007)
• Models the difference between sea surface pCO2
  and atmospheric pCO2 in the Greater Caribbean
• Experimental Doldrums Product (Oct-2006)
• Collaborative effort between Coral Reef Watch and
  CoastWatch
• 4-day composite of QuikSCAT daily Ocean Wind
  speeds
• Operational Gridded Data Product Suite (Mar-2006)
• Google Earth overlays for use with Google Earth
  software
• HDF format for use with customized CoastWatch
  CDAT software
• Served via FTP, HTTP, and OPeNDAP
• Enhanced Satellite Bleaching Alerts (Jan-2006)
• Automated e-mail alerts issued
• Time series with thermal stress, climatology, and
  alerts
• Over 216 subscribers to e-mail alerts worldwide

FY07 STAR Milestone
FY07 NESDIS, CEO Elevated Milestone
FY06 Milestone
FY06 NESDIS Elevated Milestone
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CRW Outreach FY06-07

• 11 Scientific Papers/Chapters Published
• Earth-Science Reviews, 2007
• AGU Monograph - Coral Reefs and Climate Change,
  2006 (3 chapters)
• EEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006
• Proc. 13th AMS Conf. on Satellite Oceanography
  and Meteorology, 2006
• Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
  Palaeoecology, 2006 (2 chapters)
• Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing Vol.
  9, 2006
• Journal of Oceanography, 2006
• Proc. 10th International Coral Reef Symposium,
  2006 (2 papers)
• 16 Scientific Presentations/Posters
• ASLO Aquatic Sciences (2 presentations)
• 3rd International Tropical Marine Ecosystems
  Management Symposium
• Australian Coral Reef Society Meeting (3
  presentations)
• AGU Ocean Sciences (5 presentations, 2 posters)
• Philippine Hydro-Met Conference
• gt 8 International and Domestic Collaborative
  Meetings
• gt 4 Outreach Presentations
• gt 16 Informational Presentations
• gt 19 National News Articles/Radio Features

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CRW Workshops FY06-07

• Bleaching Satellite and Management Tools
  Workshops (2 planned)
• Australia, American Samoa
• Satellite Tools Training Workshops (7)
• Silver Spring, MD The Philippines (3) St.
  Croix, USVI Palau Mexico (2)
• Caribbean Connectivity Workshop
• Belize
• Caribbean Coral Bleaching and Disease Workshop
• Mexico
• Bleaching Response Workshop
• St. Croix, USVI

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CRW Future Plans

• Short-term
• Enhance Operational Product Suite
• New high-resolution landmask
• Enhanced 50-km Product Suite
• Analyze 2005 Caribbean Bleaching Event
• gt3600 observations, including disease and
  mortality
• Develop New Coral Bleaching Index Sites
• 4 World Bank international sites
• Long-term
• Develop Bleaching Forecast System
• Seasonal outlooks from climate SST forecasts
• Implement Reef Metabolic Index pCO2 for ocean
  acidification
• Couples remote sensing and in situ observations
• Tracks changes in reef community structure
• Develop Coral Disease Algorithm
• Feasibility study
• Develop High-Resolution SST-based Products
• Using 1 km SST data for Australia and Caribbean

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NOAA CoastWatch Program
Satellite Ocean Remote Sensing of the US Coastal
Ocean
NOAA/NESDIS/ORA NOAA Science Center Camp
Spring, MD
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NOAA CoastWatch Program

• Program Manager Dr. Paul DiGiacomo
• Contract Lead Dr. Ramesh Sinha, SP Systems, Inc.
• Other Support (SP Systems, Inc)
• Shawna Karlson
• Heng Gu
• Sathyadev Ramachandran
• Dr. Phillip Keegstra
• Dr. Xiaoming Liu
• Michael Soracco
• Peter Hollemans

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NOAA CoastWatch Program
BACKGROUND CoastWatch began in 1987 by providing
near real-time SST for the Mid-Atlantic following
several outbreaks of Harmful Algal Bloom (Red
Tide) along the coast of North Carolina.
CoastWatch has evolved from providing high
resolution data from the NOAAs Polar Orbiter
satellites to providing data from multiple
satellites from different government
organizations. Regular funding (research) was
established for CoastWatch in 1990 under the
Coastal Ocean Program. NOAA CoastWatch became
operational in 1991. Efforts are ongoing to
expand CoastWatch into OceanWatch.

MISSION STATEMENT To provide operational near
real-time environmental satellite data and
products for the U. S. coastal ocean in support
of federal, state, and local marine scientists,
coastal resource managers, and the public.
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NOAA CoastWatch Program

• 1. Satellite ocean remote sensing products
• Ocean Color GeoEye/ SeaWiFs, EOS/Aqua and Terra/
  MODIS.
• Sea Surface Temperature POES/ AVHRR and GOES/
  Imager, EOS/Aqua and Terra/ MODIS.
• Ocean Surface Winds DMSP SSM/I and QuikSCAT
  SeaWinds.
• 2. National distribution Six regional nodes
• Alaska, National Weather Service
• Caribbean/Gulf of Mexico, National Marine
  Fisheries Service
• Central Pacific (Hawai'i), National Marine
  Fisheries Service
• Great Lakes, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
• East Coast Node, National Marine Fisheries
  Service
• West Coast, National Marine Fisheries Service
• 3. Funding source NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing
• 4. Line Office Partners
• NOS, NMFS, OAR, NWS
• 5. National Center Partners
• Coastal Services Center/Charleston, National
  Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/NOS, and
  National Centers for Environmental Prediction/NWS

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Collaborative Projects
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Future CoastWatch ? OceanWatch
OceanWatch is the expansion of CoastWatch by
providing coverage on a global scale and Climate
time Scale.
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Surface RoughnessBill Pichel

• Alaskan Demonstration Project
• Vessel Detection Program
• Oil Platform Inventories in the Gulf of Mexico
• Wind Speed Observations
• Hurricane Intensity

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Ocean Winds ProjectPaul Chang

• Satellite Ocean Winds Scatterometer
• Aircraft Observations
• Strong Winds Research

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Satellite Oceanography and Climate
DivisionActing Chief, Kent Hughes
(Kent.Hughes_at_noaa.gov)Laboratory for Satellite
AltimetryChief, Laury Miller(Laury.Miller_at_noaa.go
v)Marine Ecosystem and Climate BranchChief,
Paul DiGiacomo (Paul.DiGiacomo_at_noaa.gov)Ocean
Sensors BranchChief, Alexander Ignatov
(Alex.Ignatov_at_noaa.gov)
Science Teams in SOCD

• Altimetry -- Laury Miller (Laury.Miller_at_noaa.gov
  )
• Corals Mark Eakin (Mark.Eakin_at_noaa.gov)
• Ocean Color Menghua Wang (Menghua.Wang_at_noaa.go
  v) Mike Ondrusek (Michael.Ondrusek_at_noaa.gov)
• CoastWatch/OceanWatch Paul Digiacomo
  (Paul.DiGiacomo_at_noaa.gov)
• Ocean Winds Paul Chang (Paul.S.
  Chang_at_noaa.gov)
• Sea Ice Pablo Clemente-Colon
  (Pablo.Clemente-Colon_at_noaa.gov)
• Sea Surface Temperature Atmospheric
  Corrections Alex Ignatov (Alex.Ignatov_at_noaa.gov)
  
• GOES Sea Surface Temperature Eileen Maturi
  (Eileen.Maturi_at_noaa.gov)
• Surface Roughness Bill Pichel
  (William.G.Pichel_at_noaa.gov)

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Ocean Remote Sensing andClimate
ObservationsSeeking Collaborations
Dr. Celso S. Barrientos NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Satellite
Oceanography and Climate Division World Weather
Building Camp Springs, MD 20746 301-763-8102 Cels
o.S.Barrientos_at_noaa.gov