FIGURE 2: Stem Cell and Spinal Cord Injury:

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• FIGURE 2 Stem Cell and Spinal Cord Injury
• Treatment protocol

STEP 2 Dilute cells in HBSS at a ratio of 11,
centrifuge then remove mononuclear cell
layer. Re-suspend cells in phosphate-buffered
saline
STEP 1 Remove BMC blood from iliac bone
STEP 3 Inject cells back into lesion site
STEP 4 After Surgery, administer GM-CSF daily
for the first 5 days of each month over 5 months
Step 5 Evaluate and follow up with patients-
assess the outcome utilizing leukocyte count,
fMRI and electrophysiological studies.
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Figure 1 BMC and How They Function with GM-CSF
and their Individualized Properties
BONE MARROW
MOBILIZATION
GM-CSF
BMCs
Spinal Cord
MIGRATION
-Neuronal protection -Endogenous neural stem cell
activation -Inhibits
gliosis -Microglial activation
-Neural Differentiation -Neurotrophic Cytokine
release -Guidance to axon
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Figure 3 Change in Neurologic Status in Effect
of BMC and GM-CSF Administration