There is increasing evidence that intercontinental transport of air pollutants is substantial

1
Use Case 2 Hemispheric Transport of Air
Pollutants (HTAP)

• There is increasing evidence that
  intercontinental transport of air pollutants is
  substantial
• Currently, chemical transport models are the main
  tools for estimating hemispheric transport
• Two key pollutants are fine particles composed of
  sulfates, organics, dust, etc., and ozone
• The models indicate that East Asia impacts North
  America, which in turn impacts on Europe.

Sulfate
Organics
Science goal Estimate impact of one continent
on another for major pollutants Policy question
Should there be a global-scale protocol to manage
HTAP? This demo illustrates analyses that are
being performed for the HTAP Task Force.
2
Model-to-Model Comparisons
The models are evaluated by comparing
models-to-models and models to observations These
comparisons establish the level of confidence in
the validity of the model estimates.
In the European AeroCom project led by, Michael
Schulz, over 20 global aerosol models developed
in many countries, are compared to each
other. For each model, the simulations are
averaged over a season or a full year. The
results indicate considerable model-to-model
deviation, even for sulfate simulations. The
AeroCom information system applied considerable
human and computer effort to homogenize the model
inputs.
3
Model-Data Comparison

• Global-scale surface monitoring data for aerosol
  species are sparse and uneven.
• However, extensive speciated aerosol data over
  the U.S. allows partial validation of global
  models.
• The VIEWS system integrates and homogenizes the
  speciated monitoring data from multiple networks.
  

Sulfate
Organics
The average surface concentration measured at
300 monitors can be compared to model values. In
the above model-data comparison, the spatial
pattern are similar for both aerosol sulfate and
organics. However, they deviate in the absolute
magnitude. Hence, additional model development
and model-data comparisons are recommended.
4
HTAP Model-Data Comparison ExampleDataFed Web
Service-Based Workflow Software
AeroCom Chemical Models
Models
CAPITA Model- Data Comparison
VIEWSChemical Data
Monitoring Networks
Model and VIEWS data are accessed from portals in
Paris and Ft. Collins. Aggregation, interpolation
services harmonize model and data resolutions
Model is compared and evaluated with data
through comparison operators
SOAP Web Service Flow Program
Data access by OGC standard services, WMS and
WCS processing and portrayal SOAP web
services Workflow is executed at the DataFed
server and elsewhere
5
Model-Data Information System Stovepipe
The model, observational data, and processing
services can be used in multiple configurations
stovepipe open federated In a dedicated
stovepipe implementation, the result of the
model-data comparison is exposed. However, the
internals of the processing are hard-coded within
the processing system
AeroCom Chemical Models
Models
CAPITA Model- Data Comparison
VIEWSChemical Data
Monitoring Data
6
Model-Data Information System - Open
In an open system, the component data and
processes are exposed for sharing. This allows
model-data comparisons to be performed by the
collaborating organizations as well as others
familiar with the data and service interfaces.
AeroCom Chemical Models
Models
CAPITA Model- Data Comparison
VIEWSChemical Data
Monitoring Data
Internet
7
Model-Data Information System - Federation
General data sharing and reuse can be
accomplished through a federated approach. Data
producers maintain their own workspace and
resources (data, reports, comments). However,
part of the resources are shared through a
Federated Information System. In a Federation
all of the data, as well as the processing
services apply standard interfaces. In a
Federation, loosely coupled components can be
combined into agile analysis systems.
AeroCom
CAPITA
Obs Services
Obs Model
Models
Services
Obs
Federated Information System Observations,
Models, Services
Other Federations
VIEWS
Models Services
8
DSS for HTAP Policy Decisions
HTAP ReportsModel Estimates, Obs. Evidence
Models
Knowledge into the Minds of AQ Analysts
HTAP Knowledge into the Minds of Policy Makers
HTAP Knowledge into the Minds of Policy Analysts
Observations
Decisions
Decision Support System
GEOSS Architecture Framework
9
Global and National/Regional Air Quality
Assessment

• The Global view establishes the larger-scale
  context
• Regional perspective focuses on the detailed
  characterization of local features
• AQ analysis needs to be done by both global and
  regional programs

Global View Local Air Quality Benefit Global
data, tools gt Broader context, cost savings
Global analysis gt Spatial context,
Characterization Intellectual Resources gt
Collaboration, Analysis
Regional View Global Benefit Local data,
tools gt Enriched global resource pool Local
data analysis gt More detail, insights,
Intellectual Resources gt Collaboration,
Analysis
GEOSS Information Architecture needs to support
global-regional information exchange.
10
Engineering Viewpoint ArchitectureAir Quality
Data, Business and User Services provided by
DataFed
11
Acknowledgements

• The Global Model-Data Comparison is based on
  model data prepared by the European AeroCom
  Aerosol Model Comparison project. The aerosol
  chemical data over the US were integrated and
  provided to the DataFed federation through the
  VIEWS system. It is hoped that such international
  collaboration can be expanded and intensified
  through GEOSS.