Title: Project Management Chapter 5 in Software Engineering by Ian Summerville 7th edition
1Project Management Chapter 5 in Software
Engineering by Ian Summerville (7th edition)
2Outline
- Career background
- The main tasks undertaken by project managers
- Project planning and the planning process
- Risks and the risk management process
- Software tools for project management
3Pay off
- Average PM salary 81,000
- Contract rates for PMs can match techies
- PMI certification adds avg. 14 to salary
- PMI certs, 1993 1,000 2002 40,000
4Project Management Skills
- Leadership
- Communications
- Problem Solving
- Negotiating
- Influencing the Organization
- Mentoring
- Process and technical expertise
5PMIs 9 Knowledge Areas
- Project integration management
- Scope
- Time
- Cost
- Quality
- Human resource
- Communications
- Risk
- Procurement
6PM Resources
- Professional Organizations
- Project Management Institute (PMI) (pmi.org)
- Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
- IEEE Software Engineering Group
- Certifications
- PMI PMP
- The PMBOK PMI Body of Knowledge
7Software project management
- Activities to ensure that software is delivered
on time and within budget and in accordance with
the requirements. - Is needed because software development is always
subject to budget and schedule constraints.
8Software management distinctions
- The product is intangible.
- Software engineering is a new engineering
discipline. - Software development process is not standardised.
9Who do PM interact with?
- Project Stakeholders
- Project sponsor
- Executives
- Team
- Customers
- Contractors
- Functional managers
10Management activities
- Proposal writing
- Project planning and scheduling
- Personnel selection and evaluation
- Project cost estimation
- Project monitoring and reviews
- Report writing and presentations
11Project staffing
- May not be possible to appoint the ideal people
to work on a project - Project budget may not allow for the use of
highly-paid staff - Staff with the appropriate experience may not be
available - An organisation may wish to develop employee
skills on a software project. - Managers have to work within these constraints.
12(No Transcript)
13Project planning
- Continuous activity from initial concept through
to system delivery. - Plans must be regularly revised as new
information becomes available.
14Types of project plan
15Basic Concepts
- Milestones are the end-point of a process
activity. - Deliverables are project results delivered to
customers.
16Milestones
17Project planning process
Establish the project constraints Make initial
assessments of the project parameters Define
project milestones and deliverables while project
has not been completed or cancelled loop Draw up
project schedule Initiate activities according
to schedule Wait ( for a while ) Review
project progress Revise estimates of project
parameters Update the project schedule
Re-negotiate project constraints and
deliverables if ( problems arise ) then
Initiate technical review and possible
revision end if end loop
18The project plan
- The project plan sets out
- The resources available to the project
- The work breakdown
- A schedule for the work
19Project plan structure
- Introduction
- Project organisation
- Risk analysis
- Hardware and software requirements
- Work breakdown
- Project schedule
- Monitoring and reporting mechanisms
20Project scheduling
- Split project into tasks.
- Estimate time and resources required.
- Tasks should not be too small. They should take
about a week or two. - Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use
of workforce. - Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays.
21The project scheduling process
22Challenges in Scheduling
- Estimating the difficulty of problems and hence
the cost of developing a solution is hard. - Productivity is not proportional to the number of
people working on a task. - Adding people to a late project makes it later.
- Always allow contingency in planning.
23Risk management
- A risk is a probability that some adverse
circumstance will occur - Identify risks and draw up plans to minimise
their effect. - Various risks may affect
- schedule or resources
- affect the quality or performance
- affect the organisation
24Risk management process
- Risk identification
- Risk analysis
- Assess the likelihood and consequences
- Risk planning
- Draw up plans to avoid or minimise the effects
- Risk monitoring
- Monitor the risks throughout the project
25Risk management process
26Risks identification
27Risk analysis
- Assess probability and seriousness of each risk.
- Probability may be very low, low, moderate, high
or very high. - Risk effects might be catastrophic, serious,
tolerable or insignificant.
28Risk analysis (contd)
29Risk analysis (contd)
30Risk planning
- Consider each risk and develop a strategy to
manage that risk - Avoidance strategies
- The probability that the risk will arise is
reduced - Minimisation strategies
- The impact of the risk on the project or product
will be reduced - Contingency plans
- If the risk arises, contingency plans are plans
to deal with that risk
31Risk management strategies
32Risk management strategies (contd)
33Risk monitoring
- Assess each risk regularly to decide whether it
is becoming less/more probable. - Assess whether the effects of the risk have
changed. - Each key risk should be discussed at management
progress meetings.
34Risk indicators
35PM Tools Software
- .dotProj
- MS Project
- Primavera Project Manager
36Tools Gantt Chart
37Summary
- The project plan sets out the resources, the work
breakdown and work schedule. - Project scheduling involves preparing various
graphical representations showing project
activities, their durations and staffing. - Risk management is concerned with identifying
risks and planning to ensure that these risks do
not develop into major threats.