Using national tourism demand surveys to assess greenhouse gas emissions from long distance passenge

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Using national tourism demand surveys to assess
greenhouse gas emissions from long distance
passenger transport

• 9ème Forum international des statistiques du
  tourisme
• Paris 19-21 novembre 2008

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Introduction

• Tourism ? ? (transport, accommodation etc.)
• Variability of GHG impacts among different types
  of tourism
• Impacts mainly related to transport

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Global Tourism Emissions in 2005CO2 Only
Transportation of Tourists 75 of Sector
Emissions
- does not include non-CO2 emissions and
impact on climate
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A detailed asssessment

• Combining
• Statistics on the travel of tourists
• A distance matrix
• GHG emissions coefficients for transport

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The national surveys

• Suivi des déplacements touristiques (SDT)
• Description of individuals
• Demographics
• Age, gender, size of household, Number of
  children, family status (e.g. married)
• Geographical
• Region of residence, size of township,
• Sociological and economic
• Profession, educational level, income, housing
  conditions (type of home, number of rooms),
  number of cars, second home
• Description of trips and stays
• Trip characteristics
• Number of trips which ended within the last
  month, and for three of them departure and
  return date, main means of transport used,
  motives (19 choices)
• Stay characteristics
• Number of stays for each trip and for the two
  longer stays length of stay, main reason, place
  (commune or departement for France, country if
  abroad), main accommodation used, if relevant,
  share of professional and non professional bed
  nights within the stay, number of persons
  accompanying, type of accommodation (17 choices),
  type of geographical space (seashore, mountain,
  countryside, urban), main activities (19 choices)

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The national surveys

•  Enquête des déplacements à la journée 
• Description of same-day trips
• Date
• Motive
• Destination
• Main means of transport
• Number of persons travelling with
• This means
• a 20 000 ( 8000) persons panel interviewed on a
  monthly basis about the trips of the previous
  month
• Around 80 000 tourist trips are precisely
  described every year

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Some limitations

• Some segments of the population answer more than
  others e.g the retired more than busy people,
  those who travel most thus different
  reliability according to segments and an
  underestimation of professionnal trips that
  cannot be controlled
• One person per household if he/she does not
  answer, they ask the partner the panel does not
  strictly follow the same individuals
• Only asks individuals over 15 the travel of
  children is captured through their parents except
  when they travel alone
• Reliability

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Adding a GHG calculation module

• Associating distances to trips
• Emissions coefficients

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An assessment of national tourism transport GHG
emissions
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A better understanding of the drivers of GHG
emissions

• the influence of transport modes and of distance
  on emissions
• a link between types of activities or
  accommodation and the emissions from transport
  that are associated to them
• the mapping of emissions according to the
  different regions tourists originate from

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Average CO2-e by trip and by activity
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GHG emissions according to the tourists region
of main residence
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An analysis of the social stratification of
emissions
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Trends and pluri-annual analyses

• Rather disappointing to assess dynamics
• Useless before 1999
• Significant changes in methods in 2004
• the rules for the collection of data remain
  constant from 2004 to 2007 which allows
• to collate over that period the data for some
  subpopulations so as to increase the size of the
  sample
• to follow over the same period the individuals
  that remain in the sample

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Typologies

• A principal components analysis followed by a
  hierarchical clustering for 2006 applied to the
  individuals which are common to the two databases
  (n4510)
• The interest of the automaticity of principal
  components analysis and hierarchical clustering
  is that it shows the proximity in terms of
  emissions of groups that can differ quite
  significantly for other criteria (culture, income
  etc.)

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Conclusion

• Tourism surveys can be a useful tool to assess
  problems that are beyond their usual scope
• This implies combining them with other sets of
  data
• Cautiousness
• Inevitable hypotheses and approximations
• This processing cannot answer all questions
• Size of samples
• Strong limits to analyse trends

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Thanks for your attention
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