Ch 4 The Periodic Table

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Ch 4 The Periodic Table
2
After this lesson you will know

• Location properties of metals, nonmetals,
  metalloids.
• What periods and groups are and what information
  they provide.
• What information is given in each box on the
  periodic table.
• What and where are the elemental families?
• How Hydrogen Helium are exceptions.
• Some general trends of the Periodic Table
• And you will have created your own periodic
  table to help you study.

3
Label metals, metalloids, nonmetals on your
Periodic Table
He 2
H 1
1
Li 3
C 6
N 7
O 8
F 9
Ne 10
B 5
Be 4
Nonmetals
2
Na 11
Al 13
Si 14
P 15
S 16
Cl 17
Ar 18
Mg 12
3
K 19
Ca 20
Sc 21
Ti 22
V 23
Cr 24
Mn 25
Fe 26
Co 27
Ni 28
Cu 29
Zn 30
Ga 31
Ge 32
As 33
Se 34
Br 35
Kr 36
4
METALS
Rb 37
Sr 38
Y 39
Zr 40
Nb 41
Mo 42
Tc 43
Ru 44
Rh 45
Pd 46
Ag 47
Cd 48
In 49
Sn 50
Sb 51
Te 52
I 53
Xe 54
5
Cs 55
Ba 56
Hf 72
Ta 73
W 74
Re 75
Os 76
Ir 77
Pt 78
Au 79
Hg 80
Tl 81
Pb 82
Bi 83
Po 84
At 85
Rn 86
6

Fr 87
Ra 88
Rf 104
Db 105
Sg 106
Bh 107
Hs 108
Mt 109
7
W
Ce 58
Pr 59
Nd 60
Pm 61
Sm 62
Eu 63
Gd 64
Tb 65
Dy 66
Ho 67
Er 68
Tm 69
Yb 70
Lu 71
La 57
Th 90
Pa 91
U 92
Np 93
Pu 94
Am 95
Cm 96
Bk 97
Cf 98
Es 99
Fm 100
Md 101
No 102
Lr 103
Ac 89
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Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
Write these characteristics on the back of your
Periodic table, but save room for more notes
METALS

• malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors of
  heat and electricity

NONMETALS

• gases or brittle solids at room temperature,
  poor
• conductors of heat and electricity (insulators)

(Semi-metals)
METALLOIDS

• properties of both metals and nonmetals
• dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer
  chips)

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Electrons in Shells

• ORBITAL BASICS
• 1. Shell - also called orbital, energy level, or
  cloud.
• 2. Shells are areas that surround the center of
  an atom.
• 3. The center of the atom is called the nucleus.
  
• 4. Electrons live in shells.
• 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds called
  
• valence electrons
• Electrons are always moving in any direction, as
  long as they stay in their shell.

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Number the periods 1-7

• Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic
  table.).
• Elements have something in common if they are in
  the same row.
• Same period same number of shells (orbits).
• 1st period 1 shell
• 2nd period 2 shells
• 3rd period 3 shells
• And so on

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
7
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Number the tall Groups 1-8

• A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a
  group (family)
• Elements in a group same number of electrons in
  outer shell. (Valence e-)
• first column (group one) 1 electron in its
  outer shell.
• second column (group two) 2 electrons in the
  outer shell, etc.
• And so on
• There are some exceptions to this rule with the
  transition elements (short columns)

1
8
2
4
5
6
7
3
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Information in Boxes

• Each box gives the following information
• Atomic number number of protons (also of e-).
  Every element has specific of protons
• Symbol implies name of element
• Atomic Mass (mass based on average of isotopes)
• total number of protons neutrons in nucleus
• of neutrons atomic mass - the atomic .

• Electrons 17
• Protons 17
• Cl Chlorine
• Atomic Mass 35 AMU (rounded)
• Neutrons 35-17 18

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Sodium (Na) for Example

• How many electrons?
• How many protons?
• What its atomic mass (rounded)?
• How many neutrons?
• How many shells?
• How many valence electrons are in its LAST shell?

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Where You Correct?

• Electrons 11
• Protons 11
• Atomic Mass 23 AMU
• Neutrons 12
• Shells 3
• Valence electrons 1

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Color Code Label Families of Elements
1A
8A
1A
5A
Alkali metals
Nitrogen group
He 2
H 1
2A
6A
Alkali earth metals
Oxygen group
1
1
2A
7A
Transition metals
Halogens
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
3A
8A
Boron group
Noble gases
Li 3
C 6
N 7
O 8
F 9
Ne 10
B 5
Be 4
2
2
4A
Carbon group
Hydrogen
Inner transition metals
Na 11
Al 13
Si 14
P 15
S 16
Cl 17
Ar 18
Mg 12
3
3
8B
3B
5B
6B
7B
1B
2B
4B
K 19
Ca 20
Sc 21
Ti 22
V 23
Cr 24
Mn 25
Fe 26
Co 27
Ni 28
Cu 29
Zn 30
Ga 31
Ge 32
As 33
Se 34
Br 35
Kr 36
4
4
Rb 37
Sr 38
Y 39
Zr 40
Nb 41
Mo 42
Tc 43
Ru 44
Rh 45
Pd 46
Ag 47
Cd 48
In 49
Sn 50
Sb 51
Te 52
I 53
Xe 54
5
5
Cs 55
Ba 56
Hf 72
Ta 73
W 74
Re 75
Os 76
Ir 77
Pt 78
Au 79
Hg 80
Tl 81
Pb 82
Bi 83
Po 84
At 85
Rn 86
6

6

Fr 87
Ra 88
Rf 104
Db 105
Sg 106
Bh 107
Hs 108
Mt 109
7
W
7
W
Ce 58
Pr 59
Nd 60
Pm 61
Sm 62
Eu 63
Gd 64
Tb 65
Dy 66
Ho 67
Er 68
Tm 69
Yb 70
Lu 71
La 57

Th 90
Pa 91
U 92
Np 93
Pu 94
Am 95
Cm 96
Bk 97
Cf 98
Es 99
Fm 100
Md 101
No 102
Lr 103
Ac 89
W
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Alkali Metals

• Elements Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium
  (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium
  (Fr).
• They are very reactive. Why?
• They all have one electron in their outer shell.
  That's one electron away from being happy (full
  shells).
• Explosive in water
• Interesting Facts.
• Metal
• shiny and light weight.

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Elements
• beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca),
  strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).
• 2nd Most Reactive
• give up two electrons bonds.
• Interesting facts
• When mixed in solutions, form basic (alkaline)
  solutions
• Radioactive radium (Ra) - used to be used in
  glow-in-the-dark paints.
• Other elements found in fireworks, batteries,
  flashbulbs, and special alloys.
• Magnesium and calcium important in physiology.

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Transitional Metals

• Why Special?
• can put more than 8 E- in second-to-the-last
  shell.
• can use last two shells to bond

• Lanthanide Series
• Also called rare-earth or inner-
• transition elements.
• Found naturally on Earth
• Only 1 is radioactive
• Actinide Series
• All radioactive
• Some man-made in labs

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Tall Groups 3-6

• Named after 1st element in the group
• Boron Family
• Carbon Family
• Nitrogen Family
• Oxygen Family

3A
4A
5A
6A
C 6
N 7
O 8
B 5
Al 13
Si 14
P 15
S 16
Ga 31
Ge 32
As 33
Se 34
In 49
Sn 50
Sb 51
Te 52
Tl 81
Pb 82
Bi 83
Po 84
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Halogens

• Elements
• Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine
  (I), and Astatine (At).
• Reactive non-metals
• 7 electrons in their outer shell.
• 1 electron shy of having full shells.
• Interesting Facts When a halogen combines with
  another element, the resulting compound is called
  a halide.
• One of the best examples of a halide is sodium
  chloride (NaCl).

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Noble Gases

• Elements
• Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr),
  Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
• Nonreactive
• Inert gases
• Full outer shells
• Interesting Facts
• Neon used in advertising signs.
• Argon used in light bulbs.
• Helium used to cool things and in balloons.
• Xenon used in headlights for new cars.
• Can be forced to bond in labs

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TWO AT THE TOP Why are they different?

• Hydrogen
• Not a metal
• acts like group 1 or 7
• Only 1 shell
• Helium
• Only 1 shell
• only two valence electrons in its outer shell.

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General Trends of the Periodic Table

• Atoms are arranged by their atomic numbers.
• Fr is the most active Metal (botton left)
  circle it
• F is the most active Nonmetal (top right, but not
  a noble gas) circle it
• Size increases downward and to the left

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Now take the Online Quiz

• There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table.
• Click this link http//www.chem4kids.com/extras/q
  uiz_elempertable/index.html