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The Periodic Table

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Title: Chapter 5: Periodic Table Author: IS Department Last modified by: admin Created Date: 3/19/2000 8:19:07 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Periodic Table


1
The Periodic Table
2
REVIEW
  • All atoms of a specific element are alike
  • All atoms of different elements are different
  • 90 naturally occurring
  • Arranged on Periodic Table to show trends

3
A Brief History of the Periodic Table
  • Mendeleev Moseley - Seaborg

4
Mendeleev (1869)
  • Thought pattern must exist between all elements
  • Organized table by...
  • ATOMIC MASS
  • Elements in columns show similar properties
  • Both physical and chemical!
  • Predicted properties of missing elements

5
Mendeleevs TABLE
His notes
6
What he thought!
  • I began to look about and write down the
    elements with their atomic weights and typical
    properties, analogous elements and like atomic
    weights on separate cards, and this soon
    convinced me that the properties of elements are
    in periodic dependence upon their atomic
    weights.
  • Mendeleev, Principles of Chemistry, 1905, Vol. II
    as quoted at lthttp//www.aip.org/history/curie/pe
    riodic.htmgt.

7
Definition
  • What does PERIODIC mean?
  • A repeating pattern
  • Mendeleev left some spaces in his table because
    not all elements lined up according to atomic
    mass. He used info he knew about surrounding
    elements to PREDICT properties and masses of
    unknown elements.
  • How about that!

8
Mendeleevs Predictions vs. Actual Properties of
Element 32
9
Moseley (c. 1914)
  • rearranged table by ...
  • ATOMIC NUMBER
  • determined atomic number of elements by using
    x-rays to determine number of protons in element

10
Moseleys work
11
Seaborg (1944)
  • rearranged Periodic Table with...
  • Lanthanide and Actinide Series pulled
    out/separated from main Periodic Table
  • discovered 10 new elements countless isotopes

12
3DAlexanders Arrangement of Elements
13
definition
  • Periodic Law
  • The physical and chemical properties of the
    elements are periodic functions of their atomic
    number

14
definition
  • Octet Rule
  • The tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons
    so they acquire eight electrons in their outer
    energy level

15
Columns of Table groups or families
  • Numbered 1 18
  • Group numbers tell us the number of electrons in
    that elements outer energy level - the number
    in red
  • Elements within the same family have similar but
    not identical properties

16
definition
  • Valence electrons
  • electrons found in the outermost energy level
  • use the group number (the number in red) to
    determine number of valence electrons

17
NAMES to Know
18
NAMES to Know
  • Group 1
  • Alkali Metals

19
NAMES to Know
  • Group 2
  • Alkaline Earth Metals

20
NAMES to Know
  • Groups 3-12
  • Transition Metals

21
NAMES to Know
  • Inner Transition Metals
  • Lanthanide Series
  • Actinide Series

22
NAMES to Know
  • Group 16
  • Chalocgens

23
NAMES to Know
  • Group 17
  • Halogens

24
NAMES to Know
  • Group 18
  • Noble Gases

25
Rows of Table periods
  • 7 periods
  • Period of energy shells in atom
  • Properties are not alike within a period
  • across each period (row), the chemical physical
    properties of elements change
  • these properties are repeated in the next period
    (the row below)

26
Periods 1 to 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
27
Regions of the Periodic Table
  • Metals - to the left of the stair-step line
  • Non-Metals - to the right of the stair-step line
  • Metalloids - along the stair-step line

28
Regions of the table
One more!
NONMETALS
METALLOIDS
METALS
29
Metals
  • Found to LEFT of zigzag line on table
  • Good conductors of heat electricity
  • Malleable
  • Ductile
  • High melting points
  • Shiny
  • Tend to lose electrons
  • ? forming cations

30
Nonmetals
  • Found to RIGHT of zigzag line on table
  • Plus Hydrogen (atomic number 1)
  • Poor conductors of heat electricity
  • Brittle when solid
  • Dull
  • Low melting points
  • Tend to gain electrons
  • ? forming anions

31
Metalloidsaka Semi Metals
  • Found along both sides of zigzag line
  • Properties of both metals nonmetals
  • Okay conductors of heat electricity
  • Shiny or dull
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