ghulat

1
ghulat (exaggerators) Muhammad al-Baqir (d.
737) Jafar al-Sadiq (d. 765) Imam
(divinely-inspired leader) (1) designated by
predecessor, (2) has divinely-inspired knowledge,
(3) encouraged quietism
740 Failed revolt by Zayd. However several
Zaydi states set up in late 8th c. 760 Death of
Imam- designate, Ismail 765 Death of Jafar
2
Ali (d. 661) al-Hasan (d. 669) al-Husayn (d.
680) Zayn al-Abidin (d. 712/3) Muhammad
al-Baqir (d. 737) Jafar al-Sadiq (d.
765) Musa al-Kazim (d. 799) Ismail (d.
760) Imami Imams Muhammad al-Mahdi
1
Imamis/ithna asharis/Twelvers
3
2
4
5
6
7
3
Jafar al-Sadiq (d. 765) Musa al-Kazim (d.
799) Ali al-Rida (d. 818) Muhammad al-Taqi
al-Jawad (d. 835) Ali al-Hadi (d.
868) al-Hasan al-Askari (d. 873/4) Muhammad
al-Muntazar (al-Mahdi, in Greater Concealment
since 941)
6
Imamis/ ithna asharis/ Twelvers
7
8
9
10
taqiyya (dissimulation) Uthman al-Amri
11
12
4
Ali (d. 661) al-Hasan (d. 669) al-Husayn (d.
680) Zayn al-Abidin (d. 712/3) Muhammad
al-Baqir (d. 737) Jafar al-Sadiq (d.
765) Musa al-Kazim (d. 799) Ismail (d.
760) Imami Imams Muhammad al-Mahdi
1
2
3
Ismailis/ Seveners
4
5
6
7
5
9th c. Ismailis establish base in Syria 902
Abd Allah (Ubayd Allah) leaves Syria. 910
Abd Allah takes Qayrawan.
zahir outer batin inner hujja
proof Fatimid caliphate
6
Sunnis, from sunna path hadith stories of
the Prophet and his companions arkan al-islam
the pillars of Islam
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The Pillars of Islam
Shahada (testimony) Salat (ritual prayer) Zakat
(alms tax) Sawm (Ramadan fast) Hajj (greater
pilgrimage)
la ilaha illa Allah Muhammadun rasul
Allah (There is no god except God) (Muhammad is
the messenger of God)
At dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and
evening masjid (mosque) muadhdhin
(caller) khutba (sermon) minbar (pulpit) mihrab
(prayer niche)
id al-fitr (feast of the breaking of the
fast) id al-adha (feast of sacrifice)
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Al-Shaykh al-Mufid (b. c. 945, d. 1022)
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Numan al-Baghdadi,
a.k.a. Ibn al-Muallim Ithna ashari theologian,
jurisprudent and teacher Composed over 170
works on theology and religious sciences, incl.
Kitab al-Irshad (book on the twelve Imams)