Effect of Pre and Postemergence Herbicide Applications on Kochia Kochia scoparia

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Effect of Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide
Applications on Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

• Art Gover, Jon Johnson, and Larry Kuhns
• Penn State/PENNDOT Roadside Research Project
• Department of Horticulture

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Background

• Kochia is a common problem in the western US
• Reported resistance to
• Atrazine
• Banvel
• Escort
• Oust
• Telar
• Pursuit

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Herbicide Resistance

• Selection of herbicide-tolerant biotypes from a
  population previously regarded as susceptible
• Pre-existing condition, magnified by repeated use
  of same herbicide

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Materials Methods

• Seed collected in Washington County, 10/2000 by
  Mike Maurer, from fringe of treated guiderail
  sites
• Oust Velpar Karmex

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Materials Methods

• Planted 1/4 tsp of cleaned seed into 4 by 4 inch
  pots, 2/15/01
• 5 pots per treatment
• Applied Pre treatments 2/15/01
• Applied Post treatments 3/23/01
• 40 GPA

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Materials MethodsPreemergence Treatments

• Untreated
• Oust 3 oz Surflan 3 qt
• Arsenal 3 pts Pendulum 3.3E 4.8 qt
• Karmex 8 lb Hyvar X 5 lb
• Plateau 12 oz Spike 80W 4 lb
• Milestone 10 oz Velpar DF 2.7 lb
• Endurance 1.5 lb Simazine 4L 2 qt

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Materials MethodsPostemergence Treatments

• Untreated Vista 1 pt
• 2,4-D amine 34 oz Transline 1 pt
• Telar 1 oz Tordon K 1 qt
• Escort 1 oz Arsenal 1 pt
• Vanquish 1.5 pt Velpar DF 1.3 lb
• Garlon 3A 1 qt Accord 2 qt

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Results - Preemergence

• Oust 3 oz 71
• Arsenal 3 pt 94
• Karmex 8 lb 100
• Plateau 12 oz 93
• Milestone 10 oz 100
• Endurance 1.5 lb 24
• Surflan 3 qt 94
• Pendulum 4.8 qt 80
• Hyvar X 5 lb 100
• Spike 80 W 4 lb 100
• Velpar DF 2.7 lb 100
• Simazine 4L 2 qt 99

Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
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Results - Preemergence

• Oust 3 oz 71
• Arsenal 3 pt 94
• Karmex 8 lb 100
• Plateau 12 oz 93
• Milestone 10 oz 100
• Endurance 1.5 lb 24
• Surflan 3 qt 94
• Pendulum 4.8 qt 80
• Hyvar X 5 lb 100
• Spike 80 W 4 lb 100
• Velpar DF 2.7 lb 100
• Simazine 4L 2 qt 99

Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
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Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19

• 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
• Telar 1 oz 6
• Escort 1 oz 82
• Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
• Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
• Vista 1 pt 82
• Transline 1 pt 4
• Tordon K 1 qt 4
• Arsenal 1 pt 50
• Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
• Accord 2 qt 34

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Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19

• 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
• Telar 1 oz 6
• Escort 1 oz 82
• Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
• Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
• Vista 1 pt 82
• Transline 1 pt 4
• Tordon K 1 qt 4
• Arsenal 1 pt 50
• Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
• Accord 2 qt 34

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Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19

• 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
• Telar 1 oz 6
• Escort 1 oz 82
• Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
• Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
• Vista 1 pt 82
• Transline 1 pt 4
• Tordon K 1 qt 4
• Arsenal 1 pt 50
• Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
• Accord 2 qt 34

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Summary

• Washington County kochia selection not
  controlled by
• Pre
• Oust (same result in 5-0 in 1999)
• Endurance
• Pendulum
• Post
• 2,4-D
• Telar
• Garlon 3A
• Transline
• Tordon K
• Arsenal
• Accord

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Summary

• Kochia locations observed to date
• Northampton
• Lackawanna
• Luzerne
• Centre
• Perry
• Dauphin
• Washington
• Not a systematic survey

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Summary

• Current Bareground Herbicides
• Karmex Pre
• Hyvar X (Krovar I) Pre
• Arsenal Pre only
• Surflan Pre
• Velpar DF Pre and Post
• Vanquish Post

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Effect of Herbicide Treatment and Application
Timing on Control of Poison Hemlock

• Art Gover, Jon Johnson, and Larry Kuhns
• Penn State/PennDOT Roadside Research Project
• Department of Horticulture

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Problem

• Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), a biennial
  (Apiaceae), is spreading along PA roadsides, and
  is acutely toxic. We have observed operational
  applications made at late bolt or bloom stage
  that have resulted in development of herbicide
  symptoms, but that did not appear to provide
  complete control.
• We have also observed applications using growth
  regulator type herbicides that have been
  injurious to crownvetch groundcover.

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Objectives

• Compare three spring application timings for two
  herbicide treatments to determine optimal
  application window for poison hemlock growing in
  grass or crownvetch groundcovers.

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Materials and Methods

• Application Timings
• Rosette Apr 27, 2001
• Early bolt May 11, 2001
• Early bloom June 4, 2001
• Herbicide Treatments
• Garlon 3A Vanquish 24 24 oz/ac
• Velpar DF 21 oz/ac

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Materials and Methods

• RCBD, 3 reps
• 6 by 15 ft plots
• CO2 powered hand held boom
• 30 gal/ac, XR 8004 tips, 20 psi

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Results

• Control rated on August 21, 2001
• Control plants were 3 to 7 ft
• 50 to 75 seed shatter

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Results

• Garlon 3A Vanquish
• 100 control at all three timings
• Velpar DF
• 47, 48, and 100 control at rosette, early bolt,
  and early bloom, respectively

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Summary

• Garlon 3A Vanquish
• Not timing dependent
• Velpar DF
• Early bloom timing effective, same time as Canada
  thistle applications

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Future

• Investigate role of carrier volume with Velpar
  application to determine if application window
  can be extended to an earlier start date
• Waiting until bloom stage is not desirable

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Differential Response of Japanese Knotweed and
Giant Knotweed to Herbicide Treatments

• A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, and L.J. Kuhns
• Roadside Vegetation Management Project
• Department of Horticulture
• The Pennsylvania State University

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Objectives

• Describe experiences in managing these two
  different knotweed species on roadside sites
• Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum
• giant knotweed Polygonum sachalinense

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Comparison of Rehabiliatation Sequences for
Japanese and Sakhalin Knotweed Infestations

• A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, and L.J. Kuhns
• Roadside Vegetation Management Project
• Department of Horticulture
• The Pennsylvania State University

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Materials and Methods
Sequence Primary Follow-up Seeding

• S/P/F leaf-out late summer e. spring
• Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 4/6/98
• Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 4/15/98
• PS/F leaf-out late summer leaf-out
• Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 4/30/98
• Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 5/14/98
• P/F/S leaf-out late summer late summer
• Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 9/14/98
• Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 9/15/98
• P/S/F2 late summer spring year 2 late summer
• Doylestown 8/31/98 6/10/99 9/14/98
• Etna 9/1/98 6/24/99 9/15/98

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Results-Giant Knotweed

• 8/99 8/99 8/00 8/00
• Fescue POLSA Fescue POLSA
• SEQ Cover Cover Cover Cover
• S/P/F 60 7 91 1
• PS/F 61 7 93 0
• P/F/S 70 7 89 0
• P/S/F2 18 3 60 16
• LSD (.05) 27 n.s. 12 8

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Japanese Knotweed

• Techniques used for giant knotweed control have
  consistently failed when used against Japanese
  knotweed

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Japanese Knotweed StudyObjectives

• Evaluate three spring-applied, Transline-based
  herbicide treatments for
• Control of Japanese knotweed
• Effect on establishment of a fine fescue mixture
  seeded same day as herbicide treatment

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Materials and Methods

• May 5, 2000
• Knotweed up to 4 ft high
• Herbicide treatments
• Transline Roundup Pro 16 128 oz/ac
• Transline Vanquish 16 64 oz/ac
• Transline Tordon K 16 48 oz/ac
• Applied at 40 gal/ac

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Materials and Methods

• Seed Mixture
• hard fescue 55 lb/ac
• creeping red fescue 35 lb/ac
• annual ryegrass 10 lb/ac
• Broadcast seeded

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Results Canopy Reduction - Sep 6, 2000

• Canopy
• Treatment Reduction
• Transline Roundup Pro 33
• Transline Vanquish 63
• Transline Tordon K 73

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Results

• No grass mixture establishment
• Injury limited to stunting, growth abnormalities
• Little stem necrosis
• Flowering and seed set in all plots
• In 2001, no visible sign of growth differences
  between knotweed treated in 2000, and previously
  untreated knotweed

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SummaryGiant Knotweed

• Top growth readily killed by any of several
  herbicides
• Successful establishment of cool-season grasses
  with various approaches, even when seeded prior
  to control

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SummaryJapanese Knotweed

• Spring-applied systemic herbicides ineffective
• To date, unable to establish cool- or
  warm-season grass mixtures prior to controlling
  Japanese knotweed

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Management RecommendationsJapanese Knotweed

• Mow first growth flush (Jun 1)
• Reduce height - ease of application
• Reduce energy reserves
• Treat regrowth (Jul 1)
• Retreat regrowth (Sep 1)

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Effect of Spring-Applied Velpar on Japanese
Knotweed

• A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, J.F. Henry, L.J. Kuhns
• Department of Horticulture
• The Pennsylvania State University

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Background

• Spring-applied systemic herbicides have
  consistently failed to provide control of
  Japanese knotweed

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Objective

• Determine if Velpar (hexazinone) applied in the
  spring will provide early season knock-down
• Hexazinone characteristics
• Not phloem-mobile - only moves up in plants
• Soil activity - burn down plus suppression?

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Materials Methods

• Initiated 6/5/01
• Treatments
• Cut only
• Cut Velpar soil treatment
• Velpar foliar treatment

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Materials Methods

• Velpar DF at 42oz/100 gal
• Qwikwet at 0.1 v/v
• Motorized backpack
• GunJet 30, 5500 Adjustable ConeJet, X-12

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Materials Methods

• Knotweed 5 to 7 ft tall
• Cut to 4 to 10 inches tall

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Materials Methods

• Rep 1
• Applied average of 310 GPA, 6.2 lb ai/ac
• Rep 2
• Applied average of 130 GPA, 2.6 lb ai/ac
• Failed to distinguish between soil and foliar
  treatment volumes
• Applied less to soil than foliage

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Future Research

• Evaluate Velpar DF at 21 oz/ac, at Canada thistle
  timing to determine if species can be treated
  during same window
• Evaluate other contact herbicides, such as
  Derringer (Finale) for early season knockdown of
  Japanese knotweed