Newfoundland and Labrador Association of Fire Chiefs and Firefighters

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Newfoundland and Labrador Association of Fire
Chiefs and Firefighters
Founded 1964
Incorporated 1979
Serving Our Province for the Betterment of Fire
protection
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NLAFCFF. Basic Firefighting Course

• Ladders
• Lesson Three

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Overview

• In this lesson you will look at
• The parts of the ladder
• Types of ladders
• How to inspect and maintain ladders.
• Locks and locking devices
• Handling ladders
• Ladder carries
• Placing ground ladders
• Raising and climbing ladders
• Moving ladders
• Securing ladders
• Working on a ladder
• Assisting a victim down a ladder

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Learning Objectives

• By the end of this lesson, you should be able to
• 3.1. identify the basic parts of a ground ladder
• 3.2. identify ground ladder types and their
  characteristics
• 3.3. identify the procedures to inspect and
  maintain ground ladders
• 3.4. identify the procedure for safely handling
  ground ladders
• 3.5. demonstrate skills required for safely
  handling ground ladders
• 3.6. demonstrate method forcarrying ground
  ladders

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• 3.7. demonstrate method for positioning ground
  ladders
• 3.8. demonstrate the procedure for raising
  ladders
• 3.9. demonstrate the procedure for moving ground
  ladders
• 3.10. demonstrate the procedure for securing
  ladders
• 3.11. demonstrate the procedure for climbing
  ladders
• 3.12. demonstrate the procedure for working on a
  ladder
• 3.13. demonstrate the procedure for assisting a
  victim down a ladder

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Parts of a ladder

• Beam
• Bed section (base section
• Butt (Heel)
• Butt Spurs
• Dogs (locks or pawls)
• Fly
• Footpads
• Guides
• Halyard

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• Heat sensor label
• Hooks
• Protection plates
• Pulley
• Rails
• Rungs
• Staypoles
• Stops
• Tie rods
• Top (tip)
• Truss block

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Ladder types I

• Single (wall) ladder
• One section, non-adjustable length (6-32 ft)
• Used for access for one and two storey buildings
• Roof ladder
• Single ladder with folding hooks ( 12-24 ft)
• Lies flat on the roof and distributes fire
  fighters weight
• Folding ladder
• Single ladder with hinged rungs (8-16)
• Used for narrow passageways
• Extension ladders
• Adjustable (12-39 ft)

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Ladder types II

• Pole (Bangor) ladder
• Extension ladders with staypoles (40-50 ft)
• Combination ladders
• Designed as a self-supported stepladder and as a
  single or extension ladder (8 14 ft)
• Pompier (scaling) ladder
• Single beam ladder (10 16 ft)
• Used to climb from floor to floor via exterior
  windows

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Inspection and maintenance

• General Maintenance
• Keep free of moisture
• Store away from engine heat and exhaust, protect
  from elements
• Paint only the top and bottom 12 inches of the
  beam
• Cleaning and inspection
• NFPA 1932 specifies to inspect after use, and
  monthly.
• General inspection items include heat sensor
  label, beams, rungs, bolts, rivets, and welds.
• Wood component ladders
• Check areas where varnish has been scraped or
  darken
• Extension ladders
• Check pawls, halyard, pulleys, guides, staypole
  toggles
• Remove defective ladders from service

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Handling ground ladders

• General safety
• Wear protective clothing
• Use appropriate ladders and do not overload
• Lift with leg muscles
• Check for overhead hazards
• Ensure proper angle
• Secure pawls and top or bottom of ladder
• Climb smoothly
• Tie in with leg lock or ladder belt when working
  on a ladder
• Inspect ladders after use
• Mounting and Removing ladders

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LADDER CARRIES

• Ladder Handling
• One to four fire fighter carries
• Ladder Carries

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Ladder Placement

• Ladder Placement
• Placement depends on intended use and ensuring
  butt end is the proper distance from the
  building.
• Placement for specific use is as follows
• Roof five rungs above roof edge
• Ventilation along side of window or on windward
  side, tip even with the top of the window
• Rescue consider size of window normally even or
  slightly below the sill. If opening is large
  enough place inside window 2-3 rungs above the
  sill
• Fire attack directly in front of the window with
  the tip on the wall above the window opening.

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• Placement Guides also include
• Place ladder on two different sides of building.
• Avoid
• Covering opening such as windows, doors
• Uneven or unstable terrain, walls, or surfaces
• Main path of travel
• Contact with burning surfaces
• Overhead obstructions
• Ladder reach is always less than the ladder
  length to account for the 750 ladder placement.
• 1 foot (.3m) less reach for ladders less than 35
  feet
• 2 foot (.6m) less reach for ladders greater than
  35 feet

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Raising a ladder

• Ladders raises
• One to four firefighter raise
• Watch for overhead obstructions
• Maintain 10 ft (3m) distance from energized
  electrical lines
• Generally, metal and fiberglass ladders are
  designed for use with fly out (wood ladders
  deploy fly in)
• Tie excess halyard with clove hitch

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Repositioning ladders

• Repositioning ladders
• Ladders can be moved using two fire fighter pivot
  or one to two fire fighter shift

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Securing ladders

• Securing ladders
• Heeling
• Stand underneath ladder, grasp ladder beams at
  eye level and pull backward, or
• Stand outside of ladder and chock butt end with
  feet while grasping beans
• Tying in
• Use a rope hose tool or safety strap to secure
  top or bottom to a fixed object
• Extension ladders should also have halyard tied
  and pawls locked.

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Climbing a ladder

• Climbing guidelines
• Focus eyes forward
• Keep arms straight
• Place hand on rung or slide up behind beams
• Use leg muscles

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Working on ladder

• Procedures for working on a ladder
• Class 1 life safety harness (ladder belt)
• Leg lock

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Ladder Rescue

• Bringing victims down a ladder.
• Conscious victim
• Unconscious victim

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Test

• 1.The is/are used fire hoisting and
  lowering the fly section of an extension ladder.
• A. Guides
• B. Stops
• C. Beam
• D. Halyard
• 2. Which ladder can also be used as a single wall
  ladder?
• A. Pole ladder
• B. Pompier ladder
• C. Roof ladder
• D. Extension ladder

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• 3. It is recommended that ladders be inspected
• A. Once a week
• B. After every use
• C. Twice a month
• D. When damage is visible
• 4. In order to be climbed safety, a ladder should
  be place at an approximate angle
• A. 550
• B. 650
• C. 750
• D. 850

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• 5. For safety reason, a ladder should the
  roof edge
• A. Be placed even with
• B. Extend 3 rungs beyond
• C. Extend 5 rungs beyond
• D. Extend 7 rungs beyond
• 6. It is recommended that there be a distance of
  at least between ladders and energized
  electrical lines.
• A. 4 ft (1.2m)
• B. 8 ft (2.4 m)
• C. 10 ft (3 m)
• D. 15 ft (4.5 m)

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• 7. The fly section of metal ladders is usually
  placed
• A. In, toward the building
• B. Out, away from the building
• C. According to the comfort level of the
  firefighter
• D. Even with the edge of the roof
• 8. A fire fighter would normally use a ladder
  to reach a second storey window.
• A. 16 to 20 ft (4.9 to 6.0 m)
• B. 20 to 28 ft (6.0 to 8.5 m)
• C. 28 to 35 ft (8.5 to 10.7 m)
• D. 40 to 50 ft (12.2 to 15.2 m)

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• 9. It is recommended that a minimum of fire
  fighters be available to raise a 35 ft (10.7 m)
  extension ladder.
• A. 2
• B. 3
• C. 4
• D. 6
• 10. When climbing a ladder, the fire fighter
  should
• A. Focus eyes forward and keep arms straight
• B. Focus eyes upward and use leg muscles
• C. Focus eyes downward and maintain hand contact
  with beam
• D. Focus eyes forward and lean body in toward
  ladder

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• 11. Which of the following statements is true?
• A. When used for ventilation, the tip of the
  ladder should be placed even with the top of the
  window
• B. Ladder length should be 40 to 50 (12.2 to 15.2
  m) when required to reach a second storey roof
• C. If a fire fighter needs to carry a roof ladder
  with the hooks open, the hooks should face inward
  in relation to the fire fighter
• D. An easy way to determine the proper distance
  between the heel of the ladder and the building
  is to divide the used length of the ladder by 3
• 12. If the heat sensor label on a ladder changes
  colour, it indicates that
• A. The ladder should be taken out of service
• B. The ladder should be tested
• C. The ladder should now only be used for
  practice purpose
• D. The ladder can no longer be used in an
  extended position

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Answers to Test

• 1.The is/are used fire hoisting and
  lowering the fly section of an extension ladder.
• D. Halyard
• 2. Which ladder can also be used as a single wall
  ladder?
• C. Roof ladder

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• 3. It is recommended that ladders be inspected
• B. After every use
• 4. In order to be climbed safety, a ladder should
  be place at an approximate angle
• C. 750

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• 5. For safety reason, a ladder should the
  roof edge
• C. Extend 5 rungs beyond
• 6. It is recommended that there be a distance of
  at least between ladders and energized
  electrical lines.
• C. 10 ft (3 m)

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• 7. The fly section of metal ladders is usually
  placed
• B. Out, away from the building
• 8.
• A fire fighter would normally use a ladder
  to reach a second storey window.
• B. 20 to 28 ft (6.0 to 8.5 m)

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• 9. It is recommended that a minimum of fire
  fighters be available to raise a 35 ft (10.7 m)
  extension ladder.
• B. 3
• 10. When climbing a ladder, the fire fighter
  should
• A. Focus eyes forward and keep arms straight

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• 11. Which of the following statements is true?
• A. When used for ventilation, the tip of the
  ladder should be placed even with the top of the
  window
• 12. If the heat sensor label on a ladder changes
  colour, it indicates that
• B. The ladder should be tested