Getting Drunk and Sober Again This program is brought to you by Amstel

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Getting Drunk and Sober AgainThis program is
brought to you by Amstel

• André Heck
• AMSTEL Institute, Faculty of Science
• www.science.uva.nl/heck/research/alcohol

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Some facts about alcohol use of Dutch pupils

• First alcohol drink between the age of 11 and14.
• At age 15
• 90 ever drank alcohol
• 50 drink weekly
• 63 got drunk once (33 every month)
• 67 prefer alcoholic drinks
• 6 children between age 12 and 17 are heavy
  drinkers.
• Binge drinking is not unusual. (during weekends
  and holidays, average 17 glasses)
• Annually, 500-1000 children (especially girls,
  12-14 yr) are hospitalized because of alcohol
  poisoning.
• 25 of young pupils think that it takes at least
  10 glasses to get drunk only 11 say that 4
  glasses of less suffice.

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Intake and clearance of alcohol in humans

• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) amount of
  alcohol total amount of body water
• Most of alcohol is metabolised in the liver via
  enzymes
• 2-5 of unmodified alcohol is excreted in
  breath, sweat and urine
• Individual differences gender, weight, height,
  physical condition, medication, full or empty
  stomach, activities,
• All pharmacokinetic models are compartmental
  models
• Standard unit 10 gram ethanol

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Some aspects of modeling

• Modeling is more than understanding the model.
  Focus on understanding the phenomenon
  investigated.Comparsion of model with real,
  measured data is important.
• Equipment usedDräger Alcotest 6510 (accuracy
  0.017)
• Legal limits in the Netherlands 0.5 (g/l) and
  0.2 (since 1/1/2006) for moped rider lt 24 yrs
  and car driver with license lt 5 yrs.

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Some aspects of modeling (continued)

• Modeling process
• Simplify and create a model
• Estimate parameters
• Evaluate the model, preferably by comparison with
  real data
• Adapt the model (undo simplifications, take more
  factors into account)
• Play with the model (what-ifs)
• Promotion of a critical attitude of students by
  looking at various models of the same phenomenon
• Pupils use the same theoretical framework,
  methods and techniques as practicing
  professionals.

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Widmark model
Theoretical BAC curve after drinking 2 standard
units.
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BAC curve, drinking 8 standard units at regular
intervals. Comparing model and reality
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Wagner model
Michaelis-Menten kinetics Comparing model and
reality, drinking 3 standard units
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Pieters 3-compartment model
empty stomach (alt0), full stomach (agt0)
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BAC curve, drinking 3 standard units at once
after fasting. Comparing model and reality.
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Main conclusions

• The subject of alcohol intake and clearance is
  attractive.
• Graphical modeling allows pupils to implement and
  apply models that are really used in (research)
  practice.
• Pupils critical attitude can be stimulated by
• comparing models with reality
• looking at more than one model of the same
  phenomenon.
• Compartmental modeling is a general purpose
  method that also applies to many other processes.
• This program was brought to you by AMSTEL

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