Dealing with Bibliographies

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Dealing with Bibliographies
An Interactive Guide
Cardiff School of Religious Theological
Studies Astudiaethau Crefyddol a Diwinyddol
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Contents
Introduction
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Definitions
Basic Features
Referencing Styles
Primary Sources
Journals, etc
Edited Volumes
The Internet
Difficult Material
Further Help
Exit Guide
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Section One

• Introduction, Aims Objectives

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Introduction

• This presentation has been designed as a
  self-study guide, which you can work through at
  your own pace
• However, we recommend that you take at least 30
  minutes to complete it
• We also recommend that you keep it as a reference
  guide after you have completed it
• Remember
• This guide aims to complement and not replace
  other forms of learning
• If you need help, ask us! Its what were here
  for!

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Aim

• The aim of this guide is
• To introduce you to the purposes, format and
  construction of an academic bibliography

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Objectives

• Once you have worked through this guide, you
  should be able to
• Understand the purpose of bibliographies in
  academic writing
• Recognise some of the main features of an
  accurate bibliography
• Begin compiling your own bibliographies according
  to set criteria

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Section Two

• Definitions Significance

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Definitions

• In order to understand how to use bibliographies,
  we first need to understand what bibliographies
  are
• Although there are numerous definitions, a
  bibliography can be defined as a record of the
  sources used in writing an academic standard essay

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Why Bother with Bibliographies?

• There are a number of reasons why accurately
  presented bibliographies are important. A
  bibliography
• Gives a clear record of your sources
• Enables lecturers to see that you have been
  reading appropriate material
• Provides an indication for further reading
• Allows readers to check your sources for accuracy
• Gives readers the opportunity to find further
  reading material
• Helps demonstrate that you have sufficiently
  researched your essay
• As you can see, bibliographies have a number of
  important uses

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Why Bother with Bibliographies?

• Furthermore
• During Year 1, presentation accounts for
• 30 of your overall mark!
• An accurate bibliography is a large part of the
  correct presentation of an academic essay
• In other words, if you want to gain as many
  marks as possible
• Use bibliographies correctly!

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Section Three

• Basic Features

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The Basics

• Generally speaking, bibliographies should
  include the following information
• Authors Surname Initials
• i.e. Smith, A.
• Year of Publication
• i.e. 1989
• Title of Book, Journal Article, etc
• i.e. An Introduction to Flower Arranging
• Notice that the book title is given in italics
• Place of Publication
• i.e. London
• Publisher
• i.e. United Flower Arranging Press

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An Important Point

• However, there are two points to remember
• You will need to include more information in
  certain circumstances
• This information is arranged differently,
  depending upon which referencing system you use
• We will look at both of these points shortly

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Section Four

• Different Referencing Styles

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Different Referencing Styles

• In previous presentations, we looked at two of
  the main referencing techniques (the Harvard
  System the Humanities System).
• Each system arranges bibliographies in a slightly
  different manner
• Because RELIG insists that you use one of these
  systems, it is important that you correctly
  understand these differences.
• However, the key point to remember is consistency

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The Harvard System

• The standard Harvard method is
• Capps, D. (1990), The Flying Vicar, Nashville
  Abingdon Press.
• As you can see, the year of publication goes at
  the beginning
• The publishing details go at the end
• Also, the book title itself is italicised
• For further information, refer to Chapter 8 of
  the Student Handbook

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The Humanities System

• The standard Humanities method is
• Capps, David The Flying Vicar (Nashville,
  Abingdon Press, 1990)
• By contrast, the date goes at the end
• The authors first name is written in full
• The book title is still given in italics
• For further information, refer to Chapter 8 of
  the Student Handbook

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Section Five

• Primary Sources

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What Are Primary Sources?

• For our purposes, primary sources are the major
  textual sources for the study of particular
  religions (such as the Bible).
• As such, primary sources are an important study
  resource.
• How, then, should we cite primary sources in our
  bibliography?
• Before we see how, a word of caution is required

For further information, refer to Chapter 8 of
the Student Handbook
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Caution!

• Although at RELIG you have the opportunity to
  learn a number of classical languages (such as
  Hebrew or Sanskrit), initially you will use
  English translations of key sacred texts.
• Because the very act of translation necessarily
  involves a degree of re-interpretation, it is
  essential that you make it clear which
  translation you are using.

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Citing Primary Sources

• When citing a primary source, you should list it
  alphabetically by title.
• You then need to include the date of the edition
  you are using and then the name of the
  translator.
• The title of the edition you are using should be
  given next (in italics as with other book
  titles).
• Finally, you should give the place of publication
  and the details of the publisher

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Primary Sources

• An Example
• QURAN (1997, trans. Fakhry, M.), The Quran. A
  Modern English Version, Reading Garnet
  Publishing
• Citing a primary source like this gives the
  required information clearly and concisely.

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Section Six

• Journals, Magazines Newspapers

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Using Journals

• Although books will be your primary resource, you
  will also be expected to use the Universitys
  extensive selection of journal, magazine and
  newspaper articles
• Academic convention cites material from such
  sources slightly differently
• We will look at each in turn

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Citing Journals

• As with book citations, you will need
• The authors surname and initials
• The year of publication
• You will also need
• The title of the Journal
• The page numbers of the article itself
• Also
• The text is organised slightly differently

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Citing Journals

• For example
• Smith, A. (1988), Arranging Flowers Today Some
  Ideological Considerations, The Modern Flower
  Arranger, pp. 37-68
• As you can see, the article title is given in
  quotation marks ()
• The title of the Journal is given in italics
• Also, page numbers are included instead of
  publishing details

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Magazine Newspapers

• Generally speaking, you cite magazine and
  newspaper articles in the same manner as journal
  articles
• However, unlike journals, you will need to
  include the date the article was published

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Magazines Newspapers

• For example
• Smith, A. (1989), Lunatic Flower Arranger
  Invades Town Hall, Toy-town Gazette, Wednesday
  Friday 13th 1989, pp.1-4
• Or
• Jones, P. (1995), Its Official Chrysanthemums
  are the New Roses!, Vogue, Saturday 27th April
  1995, pp. 47-48

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Section Seven

• Essays Edited Volumes

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Essays

• During your studies, you will use articles by
  authors in edited volumes.
• For example
• Dr. A. Smith has written an important article on
  the history of flower arranging in a larger work
  on modern gardening techniques.
• How would we cite such an essay in our
  bibliography?

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Essays

• We would need to know the name of the editor, the
  title of the overall book and the page numbers of
  the article itself
• Thus, for example
• Smith, A. (1984), A History of Flower Arranging
  in Britain in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening
  Techniques Today, London United Flower Arranging
  Press, pp. 11 45
• As you can see, there are a number of important
  differences here
• Lets look at each of them in turn

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Key Differences

• The article should be listed in your bibliography
  under the authors name and not the editors
• The article itself is treated in the same manner
  as a journal. The article title is therefore
  given within quotation marks ()
• The rest of the quotation is cited in the same
  way as books are. Thus, the title is given in
  italics and the publishing details are given
• Lastly, you will need to give the page numbers of
  the article itself

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Points to Remember

• Generally speaking, if you use one article from
  an edited volume you only need cite that
  reference once.
• However, if you use more than one essay you will
  need to cite each article separately under the
  relevant article author
• Also, you will need to cite the volume itself
  separately

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Points to Remember

• For example
• If you use another essay from the same work, you
  need to cite it
• Peters, A. (1984), Verge Trimming in the
  Contemporary World in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984),
  Gardening Techniques Today, London United Flower
  Arranging Press, pp. 115 146
• You will also need to cite the edited volume
  itself
• Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening Techniques
  Today, London United Flower Arranging Press

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Example Bibliography

• Thus, our sample bibliography would look like
  this
• Jones, A. (1984), Verge Trimming in the
  Contemporary World in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984),
  Gardening Techniques Today, London United Flower
  Arranging Press, pp. 115 146
• Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening Techniques
  Today, London United Flower Arranging Press
• Smith, A. (1984), A History of Flower Arranging
  in Britain in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening
  Techniques Today, London United Flower Arranging
  Press, pp. 11 45

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Section Eight

• The Internet

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Using the Internet

• The growth of the Internet has created a vast
  range of materials for you to make use of in your
  essays
• In academic study you need to make your sources
  of information explicit
• Given this, it is essential that you learn how to
  cite Internet material correctly
• However, before we proceed, a word of caution is
  required

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Caution!

• There are few, if any, controls on the quality,
  accuracy and fairness of Internet material
• When using Internet material, remember
• Quality is the material suitably academic?
• Accuracy is it factually accurate?
• Fairness is it a balanced account?
• Bias does the essay have an axe to grind?
• Perspective who is writing the material and why?
• If you arent sure about a particular site, ask
  the relevant lecturer

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Citing Internet Material

• When citing Internet material, include the
  following information
• The Author (if known)
• The Document Title
• The Document Type (i.e. whether it is an
  electronic journal)
• The Sites Web Address
• (i.e. www.flowerarranger.com)
• The Date (i.e. when you accessed the site)

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Two Examples

• No. 1
• Anderson, K. , Key Debates in Flower Arranging,
  Royal Flower Arranging Journal 78 (2002) 1-27
  Electronic Journal www.rfaj.org.uk, accessed
  10 September 2002
• No. 2
• Bach, P. Roses in Routledge Encyclopedia of
  Flowers, http//www.refp.routledge.com
• accessed 3 October 2003

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Section Nine

• Difficult Material

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Difficult Material

• There are occasions when correctly citing a
  reference can be difficult and confusing!
• In general, there are two major areas of
  confusion
• (i) Citing works by the same author, written in
  different years
• (ii) Citing works by the same author, written in
  the same year
• Lets look at each in turn

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Same Author, Different Year

• In this case, you can distinguish between
  references by looking at the year
• For example
• Smith, A. (1984), A History of Flower Arranging
  in Britain in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening
  Techniques Today, London United Flower Arranging
  Press, pp. 11 45
• Smith, A. (1989), An Introduction to Flower
  Arranging, London United Flower Arranging Press

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Same Author, Same Year

• This is a little more tricky
• List such articles by title alphabetically and
  then assign them a letter
• For example
• Smith, A. (1989a), An Introduction to Flower
  Arranging, London United Flower Arranging Press
• Smith, A. (1989b), Lunatic Flower Arranger
  Invades Town Hall, Toy-town Gazette, Wednesday
  Friday 13th 1989, pp.1-4
• If you have more than two such articles, just
  keep adding letters

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Section Ten

• Putting It All Together

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Our Bibliography

• In this guide, we have referred to several
  fictitious books, journal articles, Internet
  sites and so on
• In this final section, we will put these
  references together and construct our own
  bibliography
• Although we will use the Harvard system, our
  bibliography can easily be adapted

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Bibliography

• Anderson, K. , Key Debates in Flower
  Arranging, Royal Flower Arranging Journal 78
  (2002) 1-27 Electronic Journal
  www.rfaj.org.uk, accessed 10 September 2002
• Bach, P. Roses in Routledge Encyclopedia of
  Flowers, http//www.refp.routledge.com
• accessed 3 October 2003
• Jones, P. (1995), Its Official Chrysanthemums
  are the New Roses!, Vogue, Saturday 27th April
  1995, pp. 47-48
• Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening Techniques
  Today, London United Flower Arranging Press

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Bibliography

• Peters, A. (1984), Verge Trimming in the
  Contemporary World in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984),
  Gardening Techniques Today, London United Flower
  Arranging Press, pp. 115 146
• Smith, A. (1984), A History of Flower Arranging
  in Britain in Other, A.N. (ed., 1984), Gardening
  Techniques Today, London United Flower Arranging
  Press, pp. 11 45
• Smith, A. (1989a), An Introduction to Flower
  Arranging, London United Flower Arranging Press
• Smith, A. (1989b), Lunatic Flower Arranger
  Invades Town Hall, Toy-town Gazette, Wednesday
  Friday 13th 1989, pp.1-4

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Section Eleven

• Further Help

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Finding Extra Help

• You can find further help with bibliographies
  in
• The Student Handbook
• The Guide to Academic Integrity
• Individual Module Handbooks
• You can also talk to
• Lecturers (during their office hours)
• The Student Support Officer
• Richard Cawley (CawleyR_at_cf.ac.uk or ext. 75611)

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Cardiff School of Religious Theological
Studies Astudiaethau Crefyddol a Diwinyddol