ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES

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ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION in the PHILIPPINES

• Engr. Virgilio F. Fabronero, Ch.E, M.E in Ch.E
• Sr. Environmental Mgt. Specialist
• Chief, Planning and Mgt. Information Section
• Environmental Management Bureau Reg. 6
• Iloilo City, Philippines

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Six (6) major environmental laws

• DENR Organization (E.O. 192, as amended)
• Created the Environmental Management Bureau. The
  responsibilities and authorities of EMB have been
  expanded by subsequent laws on air, water, haz
  waste, etc.
• Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste and Nuclear
  waste Control Act (R.A 6969).
• An act to control toxic substances and hazardous
  and nuclear waste, providing penalties for
  violation thereof, and for other purposes.
• Philippine Clean Air Act (R.A 8749)
• An act providing for a comprehensive Air
  Pollution Control Policy and for other purposes.
• Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A 9275)
• An act providing for a comprehensive water
  quality management and for other purposes. To
  pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner
  consistent with the protection, preservation and
  revival of the quality of fresh, brackish and
  marine water.

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Six (6) major environmental laws

• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (R.A 9003)
• An act providing for an ecological solid waste
  management program creating the necessary
  institutional mechanism and incentives, declaring
  certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,
  and for other purposes.
• Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
  (PD 1586)
• Establishing an environmental impact statement
  (EIS) system including environmental management
  related measures and for other purposes.

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Manpower complement

• Regional Office
• 17 Plantilla personnel
• 12 Transferred DENR personnel
• 18 Complement DENR personnel comprises of the
  following

• PENROS (Technical)
• 1 in Aklan
• 1 in Antique
• 1 in Capiz
• 1 in Iloilo
• 1 in Guimaras
• 2 in Negros Occ.

• CENROS (Technical)
• 1 in every CENRO or a total of 11

Out of the above detailed personnel, only 3 has
an engineering education.
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EMB Region 6 Profile

• As of December 2006
• Total No. of Registered Industries 843
• Some of these industries have both air, water and
  hazardous waste concern.
• 819 AIR Pollutive Firms
• 316 WATER Pollutive Firms
• 118 both with air and water pollutive firms
• 14 Sugar Mills
• 4 Distilleries
• 1 Brewery
• 5 Soft drink (Beverage) Factory
• 10 Piggeries
• 6 Marine Product Processing (Frozen Food)
• Slaughterhouses
• Rice and Feed Milling
• 84 Registered Hazardous Waste Generator

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EMB Region 6 Profile
Operational Constraints

• Lack of technical manpower
• Structural Problem
• Inconsistent and insufficient reports, more
  particularly
• Inspection and Monitoring Reports
• Need for retooling of EMS Specialists in the
  Field
• Need for additional vehicles due to the
  geographic location
• of the provinces

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Current practice in the Conduct of Inspection

• Inspection is being conducted as a regular
  activity.
• Monitoring of compliance to PAB Orders.
• Complaints.
• Validation of Self Monitoring Reports.
• Inspection is being conducted by PENRO and CENRO
  EMS Specialists.

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Problems/Gaps Identified

• Inspection Reports
• Inspectors Capability
• Targeting
• Analytical Quality and Laboratory Capacity
• Compliance to Commitments during Technical
  Conferences
• Increase in Rate of Inspection

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• Problem areas

• Findings/recommendations are very insufficient
  that failed to show the actual picture of company
  operations and detailed environmental conditions.
• Inspection report format does not shows specific
  data requirements to guide field inspector to
  have a focus area during inspection.
• Insufficiency of information sometimes will lead
  to another inspection.
• Insufficiency of information could affects
  management in decision making.

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RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS TO STRENGTHEN
INSPECTORS INSPECTION REPORTS

• Develop a multimedia checklist that will
  guide/remind the Inspectors on the vital
  information that will be included in the
  narrative report (findings and recommendations
  part) and in elaborating such portion of the
  report
• The multimedia checklist shall track compliance
  to permit conditions, standards, shall contain
  compliance to existing regulations
• The checklist shall contain vital information not
  found in the Inspection Report format which can
  be a vital information for PAB, on special cases
  only
• The checklist can be a planning tool which can
  guide the management in future decision making
• The checklist is a separate document from the
  Inspection report. Procedures on how the
  documents shall be generated and used shall be
  prepared by EMB 6

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Summary

• Checklist
• Data requirements will focus more on that
  specific industry and will cover tri-media (air,
  water, hazardous waste) concern for one
  inspection activities which will reduce cost.
• It can guide the inspector in conducting a
  walkthrough.
• In conducting inspection it could provide the
  entire spectrum of its operation and compliance
  with the environmental laws based on the data
  required in the checklist.
• The checklist guide/remind the inspector on what
  they need to address in preparing a narrative
  report specific for such industry.
• It could be used as basis in elaborating their
  findings and recommendations when preparing the
  inspection report.
• Able to provide substantial data which can be
  used in the emission inventory.

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Problem of doing Inspection in Sugar Mills

• Delayed entry.
• Unfamiliarity with the process operation involved
  leading to the non-identification of sources
  (both air and water).
• Sampling protocol to be used.
• Identification of sampling points specifically on
  receiving body of water

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Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills

• Identification of the different sources of
  wastewater from raw cane input to raw sugar
  output and its corresponding pollutants.
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen
  (D.O), pH, Temperature, TDS, TSS, Oil and Grease
• Identification of the different sources of air
  emission from raw cane input to raw or refined
  sugar output and its corresponding pollutants.
• Particulate Matters (Bagasse from bagasse shed,
  Ash from boilers)
• Molasses Tank Yard (Spillage)
• Sugar Spillage
• Lime Mixing Tank Spillage

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Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills

• Airborne Bagasse from bagasse shed and ash
  emission from boilers.
• Oil and Grease from the Roller Mill.
• Ash Laden Water from Air Pollution Control
  Facility (If using wet type System).
• Operation of Wastewater
• Presence of scum
• Color of the wastewater from each stages
• Point of discharge
• Presence of bypass canal
• Condenser water (high temp., contaminated with
  sugar)

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Sampling

• Water (minimum 4 samples)
• Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
• If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
  each stages.
• Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
  water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
  mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
  point ).

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Sampling

• Air (minimum 2 trials per stack for each
  parameter)
• Stack sampling using method 5 equipment (if no
  other fuel type used settle for TSP, SO2 if used
  oil is being recycled in the boiler) for each
  stack.
• Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
  chart (use only on routine inspection)
• Use ambient sampler for TSP at the downwind area
  if necessary from bagasse shed.

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Pollution Control Facility

• Air
• Multi-cyclone (Dry and Wet Type) serving the
  boiler

• Wastewater
• Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
• Anaerobic pond and aerobic pond
• Facultative Pond
• Maturation Pond
• Activated Sludge Process (conventional)
• Impounding pond for irrigation purposes
• Spray pond for condenser water.
• Oil water Separator for oil laden waste

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Sample Field Analysis

• Dissolved Oxygen using equipment or titration
  method.
• pH use of pH meter
• Temperature using mercury field thermometer or
  equipment

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Piggery Production

• Pollution Problem
• If with feed mill component
• Feed mill dust
• Without feed mill component
• From pig houses
• Washing, spilled feeds, urine and manure (form
  part of the wastewater)
• Pig mortalities, used vaccine vials and syringes
  (Solid Waste)

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Piggery production

• Sampling
• Wastewater minimum of 4 samples
• Influent and effluent
• Upstream and downstream of receiving body of
  water.
• Source of water (for computation of load base
  fee)
• Note
• it is the policy of the office to conduct
  inspection on 1 piggery in one day to avoid
  contamination with other piggery.

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Piggery Production

• Pollution Control Facilities
• Feed mill dust Cyclone and Filter bags
• Wastewater
• Lagoon System (stabilization pond)
• Biogas Digester followed by stabilization pond
• Solid Waste
• Septic Tank for pig mortality with lime
  application.
• Vaulting method for vials and syringes.

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Alcohol Distillery

• Air Emission
• Carbon dioxide emission during fermentation
• Dependent on the fuel used in the boiler (Ash,
  SO2, NO2.
• Dust emission from the coal yard
• Solid Waste Generation
• Sludge from the fermenter (spent yeast)
• Wastewater
• Slops from distillation process
• Spilled molasses from molasses tank farm

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Sampling

• Air emission
• 2 trials for every stack in terms of TSP, SO2,
  NO2 (using bunker and coal as fuel combined with
  Biogas methane).
• Stack sampling using method 1 to 8 SST equipment
  
• Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann
  chart (use only on routine inspection).
• Use ambient sampler for TSP and SO2 at the
  downwind area if necessary from coal yard if it
  uses coal as fuel.
• Note Stack sampling port should be located
  within the 2 times inside diameter from the top
  of the stack and 5 to 8 times inside diameter
  from the breach.

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Sampling Port Location
2 times inside diameter
Sampling port
5 to 8 times inside diameter
From boiler
Stack
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Sampling

• Water (minimum 4 samples)
• Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.
• If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at
  each stages.
• Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of
  water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the
  mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge
  point if discharge into the sea the distance is
  dependent on the results of the model to which
  additional sampling point is located at the
  coastal area).
• Sampling is also taken from the water source to
  be used for the computation of load base fee (as
  required by our Clean Water Act.

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Pollution control facilities

• Wastewater
• Conventional activated sludge process.
• Extended aeration activated sludge process using
  UASB to recover the Methane Gas as secondary fuel
  to the boiler and using combined surface and
  diffused aerators.
• Use surface wetland as final treatment prior to
  discharge into the receiving body of water.
• Wastewater after treatment is used for
  irrigation/fertilization of sugarcane field.

• Air
• Multi-cyclone Dry type serving the boiler.
• CO2 is being reprocess for soft drink used.
• Spent yeast is being recovered for feeds raw
  materials

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Air Pollution Standard for Source Specific
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Effluent Quality Standard
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Effluent Quality Standard for strong waste
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Other problems

• Safety
• Use of safety paraphernalia's
• Rely on the equipment that is being provided by
  the company such as safety shoes.
• Hard hat
• Gloves
• Stack ladder is being provided with guard
  railings.
• Mask
• Ear plug

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Summary

• Inspection
• Use of Senses Sight, smell, taste and others to
  observe any changes in the environment.
• Look for the initial point of wastewater
  generation and drainage canal (where does it
  leads to?).
• Observed WTPs operation on each stages (changes
  in color, presence of scum, motor operation,
  etc.).
• Any given information (Verbal or written) should
  be validated through actual observation.
• Process Review What source(s) emit(s) or
  Discharges What pollutants.
• Refer to the schematic/flow diagram or water
  balance sheet.
• Use of sampling and testing instrument To
  determine not only WHAT but also HOW MUCH.

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Thank You