Success factors of bioenergy for CHG mitigation in Scandinavia Satu Helynen VTT Energy

1
Success factors of bioenergy for CHG mitigation
in ScandinaviaSatu HelynenVTT Energy

• 1. Use of biomass based fuels in Europe
• 2. Role of forest industry in bionergy sector
• 3. Combined heat and power (CHP) production
• 4. Development of new technologies on bioenergy
• 5. Financial and legislative incentives
• 6. Future challenges

IEA Bioenergy Task 38 workshop 12-13 November
2001 in Edinburgh
2
Current use of biomass fuels
Source ALTENER AFB-net V, Task 2 Import
Export Possibilities and Fuel Prices
3
Annual biomass resources andthe share of the
present use
Source ALTENER AFB-net V, Task 2 Import
Export Possibilities and Fuel Prices
4
Annual fellings in Europe
Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 1999,
Temperate and Boreal Forest Resources Assessment
2000, FAO
5
(No Transcript)
6
Existing power and heating plants using biomass
in Finland
Combustion pcs/MWth - grate firing up to
100 MW gt200/gt2000 - fluidised bed boilers 5 -
300 MW bubbling bed 30/2500 20 - 600 MW
circulating bed 15/1500 - recovery boilers for
black liquor up to 500 MW 20/4300 Gasification -
fixed bed gasifiers up to 10 MW 10/50 -
fluidised bed gasifiers up to 100 MW 2/100
7
Background for the development and choice of
fluidised bed technology

• debarking of logs was moved to paper, pulp and
  saw mills boilers needed for demolition of
  wet bark (up to 60 moisture content)
• wet bark did not satisfy steam demand of the
  mill alone, coal and peat were used as
  additional fuels
• municipalities built peat fired pulverised fuel
  boilers that have converted to bubbling beds
  using also wood chips
• paper and pulp mills converted grate boilers to
  bubbling beds in order to utilise in the same
  boiler milled peat, coal, wood chips and
  sludges

8
(No Transcript)
9
Biomass CHP technologies
10
Combined heat and power (CHP) production in
municipalities
11
Finnish experiences how to reduce priceson
biomass-based fuels

• competition and operating fuel market are
  needed more than one fuel supplier operating
  nationally and hundreds of local contractors
• presently short-term contracts (lt1 year) and
  contracts with several suppliers are preferred
  by energy producers
• boilers and plants are designed for several
  fuels biomass is used only if it is the most
  competitive alternative
• harvesting and logistics of biomass-based fuels
  is integrated to wood procurement for pulp and
  saw mills
• harvesting methods are developed systematically

12
Fuel prices in Finland, Denmark and Swedenfor
plants 1 - 5 MWth
13
Fuel prices in Finland, Denmark and Swedenfor
plants over 50 MWth
14
Production methods for logging residuesin Finland
15
Cost structure and prices of wood fuelsin Finland

• LOGGING RESIDUES
• Chipping 34 of costs
• Average price in 1999
• 44 FIM/MWh
• 14.7 DEM/MWh
• SMALL-SIZED WOOD
• Harvesting 31 of costs
• Average price in 1999
• 61 FIM/MWh
• 20.3 DEM/MWh
• SUPPORT FOR WOOD FUELS
• Harvesting young stands 14 FIM/MWh (30 FIM/m3)
• Chipping 12 FIM/MWh (10 FIM/m3 loose) young
  stands
• Electricity 25 FIM/MWhe (6 - 12 FIM/MWh for fuel)

16
Stoves and small boilers for buildingslarge
potential to reduce the use of oil

• Operation and maintenance should be easy
• High efficiency and low emissions
• -gt High quality fuels Pellets and bio-oils

17
Financial incentives for promotion of bioenergy
in Finland

• Investments on RDD in order to reduce costs of
  fuels and energy production
• Investment subsidies 5 - 50 (demonstration)
• Carbon dioxide taxes for fossil fuels, since
  1997 only for heat production because
  deregulation of electricity market
• Subsidies for indigenous fuels to make them
  competitive compared to imported fuels
  electricity produced by wood fuels 4.2
  euros/MWh (wind 6.9 euros/MWh)

18
Energy taxes in Finland 1990-2001
19
Future challenges

• Scandinavian countries have been during the last
  30 years a demonstration field for new large
  scale bioenergy technologies
• Available commercial products for biomass and
  waste
• bubbling fluidised bed boiler
• circulating fluidised bed boiler
• atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier
• Under development
• once-through supercritical fluidised bed
• fixed bed gasifier connected to an engine
• new cofiring concepts for coal boilers
• PFBC and IGCC
• gasification of black liquor
• concepts for integrated bioproduct (fibre,
  chemicals, liquid biofuels, pellets, etc.) and
  bioenergy production from biomass and waste