Cultural Factors Effecting Need Analysis A better understanding of the Asian,AfroAmerican

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Cultural Factors Effecting Need Analysis A
better understanding of the Asian, Afro-American
Hispanic Cultures views on Higher Education

• Maria L. Frias
• Vice President, Hispanic Initiatives
• Sallie Mae

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Overview

• Focus Asian Americans, Hispanics, Afro-Americans
• Definition
• Social Economic facts
• Cultural views effecting Higher Education
• Overview of Enrollment and Financial Aid

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Racial and Ethnic change in 100 Largest US Cities
The Almanac of Latino Politics, 2006 4th Edition
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Whites became a Minority in the top 10 Largest US
Cities 1990-2000
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2
7
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The Almanac of Latino Politics, 2006 4th Edition
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Asian Americans
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Definition

• Asian American Asian or Pacific Islander
• According to the Census Bureau Asian refers to
  people having origins in any of the original
  people of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the
  Indian Subcontinent including Cambodia, China,
  India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the
  Philippine Islands Thailand and Vietnam.
• Pacific Islander Refers to those having origins
  in any of the original people of Hawaii, Guam,
  Samoa or other pacific island.

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Quick facts on the Asian Culture- Population

• 14 Million- The number of U.S residences who said
  they are Asian or Asian in combination with one
  or more cultures
• 52 - The percent of foreign born Asians who are
  naturalized U.S. Citizens
• 2.3 Million- The number of people age 5 or
  younger that speak Chinese at home. Next to
  Spanish Chinese is the most widely spoken
  non-English language in the country.
• 213 - The projected percentage increase between
  2000 and 2050 in population of people who
  identify themselves as Asian
• 33.4 Million- The number of people is US
  population that will consider themselves Asian in
  2050. They will represent 8 of the total
  population.

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Quick Facts on the Asian Culture- Education and
Income

• 49-The percentage of Asians, age 25 and older,
  who have a bachelor's degree or higher level of
  education. Asians have the highest proportion of
  college graduates of any race or ethnic group in
  the country.
• 87- The percentage of Asians, age 25 and older,
  who are high school graduates.
• 20- The percentage of Asians, age 25 and older,
  who have an advanced degree (e.g., Master's,
  Ph.D., M.D. or J.D.).
• 57,518- Median household income for Asians in
  2004, the highest among all race groups.
• Asian Nation- The Landscape
• of Asian America-2006 UCLA
• Asian American Studies Center

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Demographic and Socioeconomic Differences within
Asian Cultures

• As previously stated the term Asian American is
  used for many different backgrounds of Asians
• If we take sometime to compare within the culture
  you will find the following
• Not English Proficient-
• Chinese 31.3 Asian Indians 8.4
• Koreans 32.9 Cambodian 44.3
• Vietnamese 40.4 Filipinos 7.0
• Japanese 10.0 Pacific Islanders 7.1
• College Degree-
• Chinese 46.3 Asian Indians 64.4
• Koreans- 43.6 Cambodian 9.2
• Vietnamese 13.8 Filipinos 42.8
• Japanese 40.8 Pacific Islander 13.6
• Advanced Degree

Asian Nation- The Landscape of Asian
America-2006 UCLA Asian American Studies Center
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Demographic and Socioeconomic Differences within
Asian Cultures

• Average Household size 3.8
• Median Family Income
• Chinese 58,300 Asian Indians 69,470
• Koreans 48,500 Cambodian 43,850
• Vietnamese 51,500 Filipinos 65,400
• Japanese 61,630 Pacific Islanders 50,000
• Living in Poverty
• Chinese 13.1 Asian Indians 8.2
• Koreans 15.5 Cambodian 22.5
• Vietnamese 13.8 Filipinos 6.9
• Japanese 8.6 Pacific Islander 16.7

Asian Nation- The Landscape of Asian
America-2006 UCLA Asian American Studies Center
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Cultural Views on Education and General Facts

• Asian culture places high emphasis on Higher
  Education
• Dream Profession Doctor
• Worst Profession Artist or anything in the
  liberal Arts
• Do not believe that their children should move
  away to receive a higher Education.
• Financial Access to college is a concern for some
  Asian mostly the recent immigrants, which are
  refugees, like many Hispanics their first concern
  is to improve basic standard of living.
• Usually live as a single family, may have an
  elderly relative such as a grandparent living
  with them.

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African Americans
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Definition

• African-American A Black American of African
  ancestry an African American.
• According to the U.S Census Bureau an African
  American is A person having origins in any of the
  Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people
  who indicate their race as "Black, African Am.,
  or Negro," or provide written entries such as
  African American, Afro American, Kenyan,
  Nigerian, or Haitian.

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Quick Facts on African-Americans Population

• 35 Million- The number of US residence that
  consider themselves African American
• 12 - The percentage of African- Americans is the
  US population
• 50 Million- The projected number of
  African-American in the population by 2035
• Southeast- Area of the country with the greatest
  population of African-Americans specifically
  Georgia, Alabama. Mississippi, Louisiana,
  Georgia, South Carolina

US Census Brief on the African- American
Population, 2002
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Quick Facts on the African Americans Education
and Income

• 17.6 - The percent of all African Americans
  over the age of 25, who held a four-year college
  degree in 2004. This figure has increased
  significantly from 13.8 percent in 1996 and 11.3
  percent in 1990.
• 7.9 - The racial college enrollment gap in 2003
  between African Americans and whites. This gap
  was down from 9.6 in 2002.
• 58.3- Percentage of African American 2003 High
  School graduates that enrolled in college by the
  fall of that year
• 16,300- Median Personal Income for an African
  American
• 33,000- Median Family income for
  African-American Family.

The Journal of Blacks In Higher Education, 2004
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General Facts

• 99 of African American parents and students
  believe college is important in order to be
  successful.
• 28 of African American students were unable to
  name a single source of Financial aid
• 45 of African American parents were unable to
  name a single source of Financial aid

2004, UNCF study Commissioned by The Sallie Mae
Fund
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Types of Colleges African American Students
prefer to attend
2004, UNCF study Commissioned by The Sallie Mae
Fund
College in Specific Region
College Close to Home
HBCU
Nationally Known College
Religious Affiliation
One-Gender College
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How African American Students Plan to pay for
College
2004, UNCF study Commissioned by The Sallie Mae
Fund
Financial Aid of any Kind
Work While in College
Family Savings
Own Personal Savings
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How African-American PARENTS Plan to Pay for
Their Childs College Education

Financial Aid
Child Employment
Family Savings
Childs Savings
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Receiving Financial Aid Has Little Impact on
College Plans for African-Americans
Definitely Attend
Probably Attend
Probably NOT Attend
Definitely Not Attend
N/A Already Have Aid
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Students from Low SES Schools Were More Likely to
Aspire to Attend Historically Black Colleges
Universities (HBCUs)
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Hispanics
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Definition

• Hispanic
• Adjective
• Of or relating to Spain or Spanish-speaking Latin
  America.
• Of or relating to a Spanish-speaking people or
  culture
• Noun
• A Spanish-speaking person.
• A U.S. citizen or resident of Latin-American or
  Spanish descent.
• According to U.S Census Bureau Hispanics are
  those people who classified themselves in one of
  the specific Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino
  categories listed on the Census 2000
  questionnaire -"Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano,"
  "Puerto Rican", or "Cuban" -as well as those who
  indicate that they are "other Spanish/Hispanic/Lat
  ino." Persons who indicated that they are "other
  Spanish/Hispanic/Latino" include those whose
  origins are from Spain, the Spanish-speaking
  countries of Central or South America, the
  Dominican Republic or people identifying
  themselves generally as Spanish,
  Spanish-American, Hispanic, Hispano, Latino, and
  so on.

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Quick Facts on Hispanics Population
The Hispanic Population A US Census Brief, 2000

• 35.3 Million The number of US residents that
  consider themselves Hispanic. 7.3 Mexican, 1.2
  Puerto Rican, 0.4 Cuban, 3.6 other
• 12.5 - Percent of US population that considers
  themselves Hispanic
• 13 Million- The gain in the Hispanic population
  since 1990, a 58 increase, and is now roughly
  equal to the African American population.
• Hispanics are now the largest, youngest, and
  fastest growing minority group in the US
• 21 - The percentage of the Hispanic population
  under the age of 5
• 40- Percentage of the US Hispanic population
  that was foreign born in 2002, of that group 42
  entered the US since 1990.

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Quick Facts Hispanics Income and Education

• 1.9- Increase in Hispanic going college rates
  between 1975 and 2001. During this same period of
  time non-Hispanic rates went up 9.6
• 20- Rise in the Median income of Hispanic
  Households from 27,977 to 33,565 between 1996
  and 2001.
• 36,000- Median Family income in 2005
• 11- Percentage of Hispanic families that have 6
  or more members compared to 3.5 in the general
  population.

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Why is it important to reach out to our Hispanic
Population?

• Number of Hispanics enrolling in College is
  increasing
• In 1976 Hispanic students represented about 4 of
  the total students registered at postsecondary
  institutions
• In 2000 Hispanic students represented almost 10
  of the total student registered at postsecondary
  institutions
• Today Hispanics represent 15 (4.1 million) of
  the traditional college age population (18-24
  year olds)
• By 2020 Hispanics will represent 22 of this
  population

NCES digest of Education Statistics 2002 and US
Census Bureau
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Data on Young Hispanic

• More than half of Hispanic 18-34 year olds (68)
  are Spanish dominant or bilingual.
• 18-34 year old Hispanics are consuming Spanish
  and English broadcast media at nearly equal
  rates, with Spanish language television and radio
  outpacing English language television and radio.
  MTV TR3s (Tres)
• Young Hispanic adults are heavy readers of
  magazines with lifestyle, entertainment,
  automotive and sports focused titles taking the
  lead. ( Latino University Magazine)
• 18-34 year old Hispanic consumers are more
  persuaded by advertising in Spanish and are more
  loyal to companies with ads in Spanish

Simmons Hispanic Study 2002
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Native vs. Foreign Born

• More than half of Young Hispanics were not born
  in the United States.
• Hispanic Foreign born population is growing at an
  average rate of 500,000 per year
• 38.6 of 18-34 year old Hispanics, were born in
  the US
• 55.7 of 18-34 year old Hispanics, were born
  outside the US

Simmons Hispanic Study 2002
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Hispanic Community Knowledge of Financial Aid
Information

• 3/4 of young adults NOT currently in college
  would have been more likely to attend college if
  exposed to better information about financial aid
• 94 of Hispanic Parents and 84 of Hispanic young
  adults believe that going to college is important
  in order to Succeed
• More than half of all Latino parents and 43 of
  Latino young adults could not name a single
  source of financial aid
• More than 2/3 of Latino parents did not receive
  any financial aid information while child was in
  K-12

Thomas Rivera Policy Institute Survey
commissioned by Sallie Mae Fund, March 2004
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How Important is Financial Aid Information to
Hispanics
Key Findings

• Financial aid information in K-12 was important
  decision to attend college among Latinos

Parents
Young Adults
Parents
Young Adults
Parents
Young Adults
Parents
Young Adults
Parents
Young Adults
Very Important
Somewhat Important
Not At All Important
Somewhat Unimportant
Dont Know
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National Postsecondary Aid Study (NPSAS)
2003-04
Data Source
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES),
U.S. Department of Education

• This database was released in February 2005, and
  is a nationally representative sample of
  institutions and students in the U.S. and Puerto
  Rico

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Enrollment overview
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Hispanic Enrollment overview

• Most Hispanic Student attend 2 year institutions,
  with a larger percentage attending the 2 year
  private.
• Income
• High level of Student Services
• Non-traditional programs

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African-American Enrollment overview

• Most African-American Students attend 2 year
  institutions, with a larger percentage attending
  the 2 year private.
• Income
• Non-traditional programs offered
• High level of Student service provided

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Asian Pacific Islander Enrollment overview

• There are no huge differences in where Asian
  Pacific Islander attend, their enrollment
  percentages remain nearly the same across all
  types of institutions.

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Financial Aid Overview
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Percentage of Undergraduate Receiving Financial
Aid

• Higher Percentage of African-Americans receive
  Financial Aid
• Hispanic are just as likely to receive Financial
  aid as all undergraduate
• Asian/ Pacific Islanders receive the least
  percentage of Financial aid

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Average amount of Financial aid Awarded by
ethnicity

• Hispanics receive the lowest amount of financial
  aid of all ethnic groups
• Asians receive the highest average amount of
  financial aid.
• Afro-Americans receive the 2nd highest amount of
  financial aid of all ethnic groups

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Percentage of Hispanic undergraduates receiving
aid by type and source
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Percentage of Afro-American undergraduates
receiving aid by type and source
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Percentage of Asian-Pacific Islander
Undergraduates receiving Aid by Type and Source
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Summary

• Asians, Afro-Americans and Hispanics out number
  the non-Hispanic White population, therefore as
  Financial Aid professional we must reach out to
  them, in the communities in which they reside.
• We must continue to deliver the message to these
  minority students that College is possible
• We must develop a strategy to recruit and retain
  these students in our institutions.
• We must learn to embrace cultural differences,
  and be culturally sensitive to the issues faced
  by these minority groups
• Shifts in the American and global economy means
  that those that lack a college education will
  find their opportunities of economic mobility
  severely restricted. Our service-based economy
  requires a level of knowledge and skill that, for
  the most part can be gained only through programs
  offered at colleges and universities. Since
  these minority groups are now the majority of the
  US population, if they do not receive college
  degrees our national economy will be greatly
  impacted.

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Questions?

• Maria L. Frias
• Maria.frias_at_slma.com
• [phone]