RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

1
RSVPResource Reservation Protocol
RFC 2205 Alan Detrixhe Data Communications
II November 3, 1999
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RSVPResource Reservation Protocol

• Conceived by researchers from
• University of Southern California (USC)
• Information Sciences Institute (ISI)
• Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
• RSVP is a network-control protocol that allows
  channels or paths on the Internet to be reserved
  for the multicast transmission of video and other
  high-bandwidth messages with a specific quality
  of service

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RSVP

• Resources must be reserved in each node along the
  data path
• RSVP is not a routing protocol
• Uses underlying routing protocols to determine
  where it should carry reservation requests
• Runs over IP, both IPv4 and IPv6

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RSVP

• RSVP supports
• Mulitcast--one destination transmitted to
  multiple sources
• Unicast--one source to one destination
  transmission
• Multi-source--multiple sources to one destination
  transmission
• Part of the Internet Integrated Service (IIS)
  Model which ensures
• Best-effort service
• Real-time service
• Controlled link-sharing

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RSVP

• RSVP supports three traffic types
• Best-effort traffic
• Traditional IP traffic
• Rate-sensitive traffic
• Willing to give up timeliness for guaranteed rate
• Not intended to be run over a circuit-switched
  network, however it has been ported to run on a
  datagram network (IP)
• Delay-sensitive traffic
• Requires timeliness of delivery and varies its
  rate accordingly

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RSVP

• Delay-sensitive traffic (continued)
• RSVP services supporting delay-sensitive traffic
  are
• Controlled-delay service (non real-time service)
• Predictive service (real-time service)
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• QoS is an attribute specified in flow
  specifications that determine the way in which
  data is handled by routers, receivers, and
  senders
• Routers use RSVP to deliver QoS requests to other
  routers along the path or paths of the data stream

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RSVP-Session Start-up

• To initiate an RSVP multicast session, a receiver
  first joins the multicast group specified by an
  IP destination address using the Internet
  Group-Membership Protocol (IGMP). In the case of
  a unicast session, unicast routing serves the
  function that IGMP and Protocol-Independent
  Multicast (PIM) serves in the multicast case.
  After the receiver joins a group, a potential
  sender starts sending RSVP path messages to the
  IP destination address. The receiver application
  receives a path message and starts sending
  appropriate reservation-request messages
  specifying the desired flow descriptors using
  RSVP. After the sender application receives a
  reservation-request message, the sender starts
  sending data packets.

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RSVP-Reservation Style

• Reservation style refers to a set of control
  options that specify supported parameters
• Two major classes of reservation
• Distinct reservation
• installs a flow for each relevant sender in each
  session
• Shared reservation
• used by a set of senders that are known not to
  interfere with each other

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RSVP-Soft State Implementation

• For RSVP, a soft state refers to a state in
  routers and end nodes that can be updated by
  certain RSVP messages
• The soft state characteristic permits an RSVP
  network to support dynamic group membership
  changes and adapt to changes in routing
• Soft state is maintained by an RSVP-based network
  to enable the network to change states without
  consultation with end points, unlike a
  circuit-switch architecture in which an end point
  places a call and, in the event of a failure,
  places a new call
• RSVP soft state is created and periodically
  refreshed by path and reservation-request
  messages
• The soft state is deleted if no matching refresh
  messages arrive before the expiration of a
  cleanup timeout interval
• RSVP periodically scans the soft state to build
  and forward path and reservation-request refresh
  messages to succeeding hops

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RSVP-Soft State Implementation (continued)

• When a route changes, the next path message
  initializes the path state on the new route
• Future reservation-request messages establish the
  reservation state
• The state on the now-unused segment is timed out
  after two seconds without reservation requests
• When state changes occur, RSVP spreads those
  changes from end to end within the RSVP network
  without any delay
• If the received state differs from the stored
  state, the stored state is updated
• If the result modifies the refresh messages to be
  generated, refresh messages are generated and
  forwarded immediately

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RSVP Tunneling

• To support connection of RSVP networks through
  non-RSVP networks, RSVP must use tunneling
• Tunneling occurs automatically through non-RSVP
  clouds
• Tunneling requires RSVP and non-RSVP routers to
  forward path messages toward the destination
  address by using a local routing table

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RSVP Tunneling (continued)

• When a path message crosses a non-RSVP cloud, the
  path-message copies and carries the IP address of
  the last RSVP-capable router
• Reservation-request messages are forwarded to the
  next upstream RSVP-capable router

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RSVP Messages

• RSVP supports four basic message types
• Reservation-request messages
• Path messages
• Teardown messages
• Error and confirmation messages

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Reservation-Request Messages
• Sent by each receiver host toward the senders
• The message follows in reverse the routes that
  the data packets use, all the way to the sender
  hosts
• Must be delivered to the sender hosts so that the
  hosts can set up appropriate traffic-control
  parameters for the first hop
• No positive acknowledgment is sent back

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Path Messages
• Sent by each sender and forwarded along the
  unicast or multicast routes provided by the
  routing protocol(s)
• A path message is used to store the path state in
  each node
• The path state is used to route
  reservation-request messages in the reverse
  direction

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Teardown Messages
• remove the path and reservation state without
  waiting for the cleanup timeout period
• can be initiated by an application in an end
  system (sender or receiver) or a router as the
  result of state timeout
• RSVP supports two types of teardown messages
• path-teardown messages
• Path-teardown messages delete the path state
  (which deletes the reservation state), travel
  toward all receivers downstream from the point of
  initiation, and are routed like path messages
• reservation-request teardown messages
• Reservation-request teardown messages delete the
  reservation state, travel toward all matching
  senders upstream from the point of teardown
  initiation, and are routed like corresponding
  reservation-request messages

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Error and Confirmation Messages
• Three error and confirmation message forms
• Path-error messages
• Reservation-request error messages
• Reservation-request acknowledgment messages

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Error and Confirmation Messages (continued)
• Path-Error Messages
• Path-error messages result from path messages and
  travel toward senders
• Path-error messages are routed hop-by-hop using
  the path state
• At each hop, the IP destination address is the
  unicast address of the previous hop

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Error and Confirmation Messages (continued)
• Reservation-Request Error Messages
• Reservation-request error messages result from
  reservation-request messages and travel toward
  the receiver
• Reservation-request error messages are routed
  hop-by-hop using the reservation state
• At each hop, the IP destination address is the
  unicast address of the next-hop node
• Information carried in error messages can include
  the following
• Admission failure - Bad flow specification
• Bandwidth unavailable - Ambiguous path
• Service not supported

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RSVP Messages (continued)

• Error and Confirmation Messages (continued)
• Reservation-Request Acknowledgment Messages
• Reservation-request acknowledgment messages are
  sent as the result of the appearance of a
  reservation-confirmation object in a
  reservation-request message
• This acknowledgment message contains a copy of
  the reservation confirmation
• An acknowledgment message is sent to the unicast
  address of a receiver host, and the address is
  obtained from the reservation-confirmation object
• A reservation-request acknowledgment message is
  forwarded to the receiver hop-by-hop

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RSVP Packet Format
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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Message Header Fields
• Version 4-bit field indicating the protocol
  version number (currently version 1).
• Flags 4-bit field with no flags currently
  defined.
• Type 8-bit field with 7 possible (integer)
  values

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Type 8-bit field with 7 possible (integer)
  values
• Message Type
• 1) Path
• 2) Reservation-request
• 3) Path-error
• 4) Reservation-request error
• 5) Path-teardown
• 6) Reservation-teardown
• 7) Reservation-request acknowledgment

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Checksum 16-bit field representing a standard
  TCP/UDP checksum over the contents of the RSVP
  message, with the checksum field replaced by zero
• Length 16-bit field representing the length of
  this RSVP packet in bytes, including the common
  header and the variable-length objects that
  follow. If the More Fragment (MF) flag is set or
  the fragment offset field is non-zero, this is
  the length of the current fragment of a larger
  message.

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Send TTL 8-bit field indicating the IP
  time-to-live (TTL) value with which the message
  was sent
• Message ID 32-bit field providing a label
  shared by all fragments of one message from a
  given next/previous RSVP hop
• More Fragments (MF) Flag Low-order bit of a
  1-byte word with the other 7 high-order bits
  specified as reserved. MF is set on for all but
  the last fragment of a message.
• Fragment Offset 24-bit field representing the
  byte offset of the fragment in the message

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Message Object Fields
• Length 16-bit field containing the total object
  length in bytes (must always be a multiple of 4
  and be at least 4)
• Class-Num Identifies the object class. Each
  object class has a name. An RSVP implementation
  must recognize one of these names.

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Object class names
• Null Contains a Class-Num of zero, and its
  C-Type is ignored. Its length must be at least 4
  but can be any multiple of 4. A null object can
  appear anywhere in a sequence of objects, and its
  contents will be ignored by the receiver.
• Session Contains the IP destination address and
  possibly a generalized destination port to define
  a specific session for the other objects that
  follow (required in every RSVP message).
• RSVP Hop Carries the IP address of the
  RSVP-capable node that sent this message.
• Time Values If present, contains values for the
  refresh period and the state TTL to override the
  default values.
• Style Defines the reservation style plus
  style-specific information that is not a
  flow-specification or filter-specification object
  (included in a reservation-request message).
• Flow Specification Defines a desired QoS
  (included in a reservation-request message).
• Filter Specification Defines a subset of
  session-data packets that should receive the
  desired QoS (specified by a flow-specification
  object within a reservation-request message).
• Sender Template Contains a sender IP address and
  perhaps some additional demultiplexing
  information to identify a sender (included in a
  path message).
• Sender TSPEC Defines the traffic characteristics
  of a sender's data stream (included in a path
  message).
• Adspec Carries advertising data in a path
  message.
• Error Specification Specifies an error (included
  in a path-error or reservation-request error
  message).
• Policy Data Carries information that will enable
  a local policy module to decide whether an
  associated reservation is administratively
  permitted (included in a path or
  reservation-request message).
• Integrity Contains cryptographic data to
  authenticate the originating node and perhaps to
  verify the contents of this reservation-request
  message.
• Scope An explicit specification of the scope for
  forwarding a reservation-request message.
• Reservation Confirmation Carries the IP address
  of a receiver that requested a confirmation. Can
  appear in either a reservation-request or
  reservation-request acknowledgment.

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RSVP Packet Format (continued)

• Message Object Fields
• C-Type Object type, unique within Class-Num.
  The maximum object content length is 65528 bytes.
  Class-Num and C-Type fields (together with the
  flag bit) can be used together as a 16-bit number
  to define a unique type for each object.
• Object Contents The Length, Class-Num, and
  C-Type fields specify the form of the object
  content. Where the object class information is
  contained.