Urban public transport modes

1
Urban public transport modes

• Operations
• Right-of-way
• Criteria for selection
• Modes
• Para-transit
• Bus
• Light Rail Transit
• Suburban rail
• Rapid rail

2
Public transport operations (1)

• Begins and ends with walking
• Private transport walking is short
• Public transport trip
• Depends on location of route
• More than one vehicle or mode
• Longer walk
• Transfers

• Feeder
• Line haul
• Distributor
• Public transport focused on the CBD and
  corridors one-mode trips accounting for the
  majority of public transport trips
• Low volume vehicles
• Low density areas
• Penetration
• High volume vehicles
• High density activity areas
• Economies of scale

3
Public transport operations (2)

• Travel time between stops
• Lost time accelerating
• Boarding and alighting passengers
• Lost time decelerating
• Distance / cruising speed

Speed
Time
Distance
4
Public transport operations (3)

• Round trip time
• One-way travel time 2
• Turn-around time
• Schedule

5
Rights-of-way

• Category b
• Longitudinally separated, priority at crossings
  pedestrians and vehicles allowed to cross
• Category c
• In mixed traffic maybe preferential treatment at
  signals

• Strips of land used by public transport vehicles
  defined by degree of segregation
• Category a
• Totally segregated
• Crossings if any do not affect operations

6
Criteria for assessment (1)

• Ability to cope with demand
• Cost
• Total cost/pass.km
• Affordability of capital cost
• Capital cost/operating cost ratio
• Sensitivity to cost overruns and patronage
  overestimates
• Percentage cost recovery (fare evasion)
• Environmental

• Safety
• Savings in journey time/speed
• Reliability
• Other
• Comfort
• Convenience
• Interchanges
• Flexibility
• Sophistication
• Difficulty to implement

7
Criteria for assessment (2)

• For 20km

8
Para-transit

• Many shapes in SA the minibus
• Popular, filled the gap left by organised
  services when settlement expanded
• Service varies
• Operators choose vehicle, route, frequency, time
  of operation
• Regulation?
• Flexibility of service
• Profitable, not subsidised

• Vehicle Capacity few to 18
• Way capacity 10 800pass/hr
• Journey speed 35 km/hr
• Capital cost/veh R110 000
• R0,22/pass km

9
The Recap minibus ?
10
Bus transport (1)

• Motorised
• Prevalent correct level of technology ???
• Operate on specified routes according to a
  schedule
• Vehicle Capacity
• Midibus 35
• Standard bus 65-90
• Articulated bus 105-275

• Way capacity 17 500 - 27 000 pass/hr
• Journey speed 24km/h
• Midibus R230 000
• Bus R600 000
• R0,20/pass-km
• Electric trolley buses

11
Bus transport (2)
12
Light rail transit (1)

• Features
• Board from road or low platform
• Single vehicles or small trains
• B or C rights-of-way
• Types
• Tramway
• LRT
• LRT Metro

• Tramway
• Mixed traffic, cheap, no flexibility, affected by
  power failures
• Vehicle Capacity 100-200
• Way capacity 6000 -12000 pass/hr
• Journey speed 12 km/hr

13
Light rail transit (2)

• LRT
• Operates along the side of the street or in
  separate rights-of-way
• Grade separated crossings or priority
• Boarding from low platforms
• Trains of 2-3 coaches
• Vehicle Capacity 250-900
• Way capacity 20000 -36000 pass/hr
• Journey speed 15 - 25 km/hr

• Cost -R12m/car
• R1,3 /pass-km??
• LRT METRO (as for metro)

14
Suburban rail

• Shares tracks with inter-city passenger and
  freight trains
• Tracks and vehicles are old require
  rehabilitation and refurbishing
• 10, 12 and 14 coach sets
• Vehicle Capacity 2750/12-coach
• Way capacity 55 000 pass/hr
• Journey speed 29 km/hr depends on station
  spacing and priority given to passengers

• Cost R65m /train
• Cost R 0,16/pass-km
• Cost R13m/km of track
• Cost R4,5m/station

15
Rail rapid transit

• Exclusive right-of-way
• Sophisticated operations and maintenance
• High platforms, walk on directly
• Difficult to change routes
• Re-routing of bus services to augment passenger
  numbers
• Reliable
• Way capacity 80 000 pass/hr
• Journey speed 30-35 km/hr
• Cost
• US 40-120 m/km of track
• Operating US0,10 - 0,15 US pass.km ???
• Total 15 - 25 US cents/pass.km??