Long term perspectives for biofuels. Clean Vehicles and Fuels European Symposium and Exhibition, 810

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Long term perspectives for biofuels.- Clean
Vehicles and Fuels European Symposium and
Exhibition, 8-10 November Stockholm, Sweden -

• André Faaij
• Copernicus Institute - Utrecht University

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Global potentials are large but need to be
developed
Agricultural land lt100- gt300 EJ Marginal lands
lt60- 150 EJ Agri residues 15-70 EJ Forest
residues lt30-150 EJ Dung 5-55 EJ Organic waste
5 - gt50 EJ TOTAL lt 250 - gt 500 EJ
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International bio-energy logistics not a
showstopper when organized rightly
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Key bioenergy utilisation routes
WEA Turkenburg Faaij et al., 2000
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General process schemeBiomass gasification to FT
liquids - with gas turbine
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Breakdown installed costsfor the IGT 80
conversion concept (400 MWth)
Others 4
HRSG 11
pre-treatment 21
gas turbine 7
FT reactor 6
Gasifier 18
Shift 1
Cleaning section 18
Oxygen plant 15
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Effect of scaleon production costs FT liquids
40
30
US/GJ FT liquid
20
10
0
100
500
1000
1600
scale (MWth)
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Large-scale BioSyngas productionSlagging
entrained-flow gasifier

• high temperature (typically 1300-1500C)
• pure oxygen
• wall protected by liquid melt slag
• pressurized (20-50 bar)
• short residence times (1-2 seconds)
• small fuel particles needed (100 ?m, might be 1
  mm for biomass)
• high conversion

Coal-fired IGCC plants running
- NUON Buggenum plant (NL) 250 MWe - Elcogas
Puertollano plant (ES) 320 MWe
Future Energy, Freiberg (Germany)
Strategy modify coal technology to 100 biomass
use
Courtesy of van Ree, ECN
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General process schemeBiomass coal
gasification to FT liquids - with gas turbine
Major investments in IG-FT capacity ongoing in
China right now - Reducing dependency on oil
imports! - Without capture strong increase in CO2
emissions
About 50 of carbon!
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Source Statoil
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Bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass

• SHF
• SSF
• SSCF
• CBP
• BIG/CC

Major demonstrations In US/Canada, EU

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Costs per GJ fuel delivered at the car
1. H2. 2. L-H2, 3. MeOH, 4. FT 5. EtOH-W, 6.
EtOH-S, 7. Pyro, 8. RME
Shorter term
Longer term
Reference oil price 25 U/barrel
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Biofuel chains kilometres per hectare.
1. H2. 2. L-H2, 3. MeOH, 4. FT 5. EtOH-W, 6.
EtOH-S, 7. Pyro, 8. RME
Longer term
Shorter term
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Generic learning curve for (e.g.) power plants
time means decades
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Ethanol from sugar cane
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Total learning system for biomass-fuelled power
plants producing electricity
Junginger et al., 2005
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Experience curve for Sweden and Finland combined,
between 1975 and 2003.
Junginger et al., 2005
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Experience curve for the average and marginal
production cost of electricity from Swedish
biofuelled CHP plants from 1990-2002
Junginger et al., 2005
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Final remarks 2030 biofuels roadmap (I).

• Biomass 30 of primary energy demand key
  alternative for oil.
• Biomass resource base the foundation!
• Lignocellulosic resources for power on shorter
  term for fuels on medium term
• Develop EU biomass production in global market
  context (international trade sustainability
  issues)
• Long distance supply chains involve advanced
  pre-treatment and large scale logistics.

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Final remarks 2030 biofuels roadmap (II).

• 2nd generation biofuels provide the economics and
  energy balance to be the winning option.
• Lignocellulosic based EtOH and gasification based
  synfuels compete.
• Ethanol has strong starting points (sugar cane,
  easy to use)
• Synfuels produced from biomass, coal and natural
  gas combined with CCS and flexible output
  ratios, provide an ultimate platform in a
  chaotic transition period.

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Final remarks 2030 biofuels roadmap (III).

• Maximal GHG impact of biomass use will gradually
  move to fuels and
• Merge fundamental and applied (industrial)
  research in coherent programs in international
  setting.
• Policy should provide the stability for the
  market for several decades learn from learning
  in the past!