IEEE 802.15 subject

1
Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title
Potential FCC Part 15.247 Waiver and Opportunity
for RFID and Sensor Applications Date Submitted
15 May, 2008 Source Mike McInnis Company The
Boeing Company Address P.O. Box 3707 M/S 7M-CA,
Seattle, WA, USA Voice206-290-7758,
E-Mailmichael.d.mcinnis_at_boeing.com Re Abstrac
t Potential FCC Waiver could benefit RFID and
Sensor Applications Purpose Submission for
consideration of a potential RFID SG PAR and 5
Criteria Direction Notice This document has been
prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is
offered as a basis for discussion and is not
binding on the contributing individual(s) or
organization(s). The material in this document is
subject to change in form and content after
further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the
right to add, amend or withdraw material
contained herein. Release The contributor
acknowledges and accepts that this contribution
becomes the property of IEEE and may be made
publicly available by P802.15.
2
Potential Opportunity for Energy Harvesting
Sensor and RFID
Applications?

• On May 14, 2008 at the IEEE 802.15 Interim
  meetings in Jacksonville, FL Jeff Solum with
  Starkey Laboratories made two presentations
  regarding a request for waiver of FCC Part 15.247
  rules for a reduction of minimum channel
  bandwidth from 500 Khz to potentially 100 Khz.
• IEEE 802.15 document numbers
• 08/356 Potential Waiver and Rule Making Change to
  Part 15.247
• 08/365 Hearing Aids Cutting Edge Technology in
  an Ultra Constrained Environment

3
The Question
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Specifications
Increase channels available from 10 to ?
Can we maintain Data Bit Rate and reduce PHY
energy use by creating a PHY that takes advantage
of a potential FCC Part 15.247 waiver request for
lt500 Khz bandwidth channels?
Increase channels available from 16 to ?
4
Potential Starkey Laboratories FCC Waiver Request

• Starkey Laboratories is interested in operating
  said low power devices within the confines of
  Section 15.247(a)(2), but with a lower minimum
  bandwidth than currently allowed by rule. Section
  15.247(a)(2) currently states in part that the
  minimum 6 dB bandwidth shall be at least 500
  kHz. Starkey Laboratories is requesting that the
  aforesaid language be waived and that it be
  allowed to operate said low power devices with a
  lower minimum 6 dB bandwidth of at least 100
  kHz.
• The proposed waiver would allow Starkey to
  operate said low power devices with a lower
  minimum 6 dB bandwidth of 100 kHz, while
  maintaining the 8 dBm/3 kHz power spectral
  density specified in Section 15.247(e). Table 1
  shows an example of the total radiated power that
  would be allowed if the waiver were granted.

5
802.11b/g and 802.15.4 Spectrum Sharing
With a smaller channel bandwidth PHY, 802.15.4
could provide more non-interferring 802.15.4
channels between and above 802.11b/g channels 1,
6, and 11. Only 802.15.4 channels 15, 20, 25, and
26 fall outside 802.11b/g channels 1, 6, and 11
at this time.
6
Overview and Background on EPCglobal RFID /
Sensor Specifications and the IEEE P1451 Sensor
Standards
7
RFID Standards Organizations

• Two organizations are most involved in drafting
  standards for RFID technology
• ISO
• No Active RFID or Sensor Tag Standard in the 915
  MHz and 2.4 GHz bands
• EPCglobal
• No Active RFID or Sensor Tag Specification in the
  915 MHz and 2.4 GHz bands

8
Table of the most common ISO passive RFID
standards
http//rfdesign.com/next_generation_wireless/trans
mit_receive_technologies/rfid-technology-standards
-0907/
9
ISO/IEC 18000-42004

• Information technology -- Radio frequency
  identification for item management -- Part 4
  Parameters for air interface communications at
  2,45 GHz
• http//www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/
  catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber34115
• Abstract
• ISO/IEC 18000-42004 defines the air
  interface for radio-frequency identification
  (RFID) devices operating in the 2,45 GHz
  Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band
  used in item management applications. Its purpose
  is to provide a common technical specification
  for RFID devices that may be used by ISO
  committees developing RFID application standards.
  
• ISO/IEC 18000-42004 is intended to allow
  for compatibility and to encourage
  inter-operability of products for the growing
  RFID market in the international marketplace.
  ISO/IEC 18000-42004 defines the forward and
  return link parameters for technical attributes
  including, but not limited to, operating
  frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied
  channel bandwidth, maximum EIRP, spurious
  emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding,
  bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission
  order, and where appropriate operating channels,
  frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading
  sequence, and chip rate. It further defines the
  communications protocol used in the air
  interface.
• ISO/IEC 18000-42004 contains two modes.
  The first is a passive tag operating as an
  interrogator talks first while the second is a
  battery assisted tag operating as a tag talks
  first. The detailed technical differences between
  the modes are shown in the parameter tables.
• MODE1 PASSIVE BACKSCATTER RFID SYSTEM
• The FHSS backscatter option or the narrow
  band operation RFID system shall include an
  interrogator that runs the FHSS backscatter
  option 1 RFID protocol or in narrow band
  operation, as well as one or more tags within the
  interrogation zone
• MODE 2 LONG RANGE HIGH DATA-RATE RFID SYSTEM
• This clause describes a RFID system,
  offering a gross data rate up to 384 kbps at the
  air interface in case of Read/Write (R/W) tag. In
  case of Read Only (R/O) tag the data rate is 76.8
  kbps. The tag is battery assisted but back
  scattering. By using of battery powered tags such
  a system is well designed for long-range RFID
  applications.
• http//www.gaorfid.com/resources/rfid_standards/

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ISO/IEC 18000-62004

• Information technology -- Radio frequency
  identification for item management -- Part 6
  Parameters for air interface communications at
  860 MHz to 960 MHz
• http//www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/
  catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber34117
• Abstract
• ISO/IEC 18000-62004 defines the air
  interface for radio-frequency identification
  (RFID) devices operating in the 860 MHz to 960
  MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM)
  band used in item management applications. Its
  purpose is to provide a common technical
  specification for RFID devices that may be used
  by ISO committees developing RFID application
  standards. ISO/IEC 18000-62004 is intended to
  allow for compatibility and to encourage
  inter-operability of products for the growing
  RFID market in the international marketplace.
  ISO/IEC 18000-62004 defines the forward and
  return link parameters for technical attributes
  including, but not limited to, operating
  frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied
  channel bandwidth, maximum EIRP, spurious
  emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding,
  bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission
  order, and where appropriate operating channels,
  frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading
  sequence, and chip rate. It further defines the
  communications protocol used in the air
  interface.
• ISO/IEC 18000-62004 contains one mode
  with two types. Both types use a common return
  link and are reader talks first. Type A uses
  Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE) in the forward
  link, and an adaptive ALOHA collision arbitration
  algorithm. Type B uses Manchester in the forward
  link and an adaptive binary tree collision
  arbitration algorithm. The detailed technical
  differences between the two types are shown in
  the parameter tables.

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ISO/IEC 18000-72008

• Information technology -- Radio frequency
  identification for item management -- Part 7
  Parameters for active air interface
  communications at 433 MHz
• http//www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/
  catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber43892
• Abstract
• ISO/IEC 18000-72008 defines the air
  interface for radio frequency identification
  (RFID) devices operating as an active RF tag in
  the 433 MHz band used in item management
  applications. The purpose of ISO/IEC 18000-72008
  is to provide a common technical specification
  for RFID devices that may be used by ISO
  committees developing RFID application standards.
  ISO/IEC 18000-72008 is intended to allow for
  compatibility and to encourage interoperability
  of products for the growing RFID market in the
  international marketplace. It defines the forward
  and return link parameters for technical
  attributes including, but not limited to,
  operating frequency, operating channel accuracy,
  occupied channel bandwidth, maximum power,
  spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data
  coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit
  transmission order and, where appropriate,
  operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop
  sequence, spreading sequence and chip rate.
  ISO/IEC
• 18000-72008 further defines the
  communications protocol used in the air interface.

12
Table of EPCglobal Specifications
http//rfdesign.com/next_generation_wireless/trans
mit_receive_technologies/rfid-technology-standards
-0907/
13
EPC Class Descriptions

• Class 0/1 tags both represent basic capability.
  They are read only passive identity tags. The
  passive tags derive the power needed for
  operation from the readers RF signal. They
  communicate back with the reader using
  backscatter modulation. The Class 0 protocol uses
  out-of-band signaling while Class 1 protocol uses
  in-band signaling. Class 0 tags are read-only,
  programmed by the manufacturer, whereas Class 1
  tags are generally viewed as write once and read
  many where the writing can be done either by the
  manufacturer or by the user.
• Class 2 tags are passive tags with additional
  functionality like encryption or memory.
• Class 3 tags are semi-passive tags. These tags
  have a battery source for operating the internal
  circuitry, whereas they do not have a transmitter
  for sending back the information.
• All the tags from Class 0 to Class 3 use
  backscatter techniques to communicate to the
  reader at UHF frequencies.
• Class 4 tags are active tags, which have a Class
  4 tags are active tags, which have a battery
  source and a transmitter. They may be capable of
  broadband peer-to-peer communication with other
  active tags in the same frequency band or other
  readers.
• Class 5 tags are devices that can power other
  tags as well as communicate with other Class 4
  tags. An example is a RFID reader that is capable
  of powering up the other Class 0/1 tags.
• http//www.ittc.ku.edu/research/thesis/documents/k
  arthik_ramakrishnan_thesis.pdf

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How ISO and EPC RFID standards come together
http//www.inf.fh-bonn-rhein-sieg.de/data/informat
ik_/fb_informatik/personen/pohl/Aufsaetze/Pohl_Kno
spe_RFID_Security_050126.pdf
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Basic RFID System Architecture
http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/7/35472969.pdf
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http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/7/35472969.pdf
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A Proposed EPC Sensor Network Architecture by
Auto-ID
802.15.4 low energy PHY (lt500 KHz BW) for Sensor
and Active Tag Applications?
http//www.krnet.or.kr/board/include/download.asp?
no8dbprogramfileno2
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IEEE P1451 Overview

• IEEE 1451 is a family of Smart Transducer
  Interface Standards that describe a set of open,
  common, network-independent communication
  interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or
  actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation
  systems, and control/field networks.
• The key feature of these standards is the
  definition of a TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data
  Sheet). The TEDS is a memory device attached to
  the transducer, which stores transducer
  identification, calibration, correction data, and
  manufacture-related information.
• The goal of 1451 is to allow the access of
  transducer data through a common set of
  interfaces whether the transducers are connected
  to systems or networks via a wired or wireless
  means.
• The family of IEEE 1451 standards are sponsored
  by the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement
  Societys Sensor Technology Technical Committee.

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IEEE P1451 Smart Sensor Interface Standards

• 1451.0-2007 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Common Functions, Communication
  Protocols, and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
  (TEDS) Formats
• 1451.1-1999 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Network Capable Application Processor
  Information Model
• 1451.2-1997 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Transducer to Microprocessor
  Communication Protocols TEDS Formats
• 1451.3-2003 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Digital Communication TEDS Formats for
  Distributed Multidrop Systems
• 1451.4-2004 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Mixed-Mode Communication Protocols TEDS
  Formats
• 1451.5-2007 IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer
  Interface for Sensors and Actuators
• Wireless Communication Protocols
  Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats

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1451 Reference Model
Network Capable Application Processor
Transducer Interface Module
Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/5/
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Envisioned P1451.5 Wireless Structure
Network Capable Application Processor
802.15.4 low energy PHY (lt500 KHz BW) for Sensor
and Active Tag Applications?
http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/5/
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Relationship between P1451.5 and P1451.0
P1451.5 established thin convergence layer
between radio standards and P1451.0
802.15.4 low energy PHY (lt500 KHz BW) for Sensor
and Active Tag Applications?
http//grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/5/
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IEEE P1451.5 Protocol Architecture