Simulation: Von der Analyse zur Synthese

1
Passive Housesfrom Pilot to Mainstream in Germany
Dr. Wolfgang Feist Passivhaus Institut Darmstadt
2
Building Stock
Passive House
Heating system
Just a small
postheater
3
Passive Houses the Pilot Building Darmstadt 1991
Prof. Adamson Prof. Bott/Ridder/Westermeyer /
Dr. Feist
4
Passive Houses Pilot Building - results
5
Generation 2 Passivehouse Settlement Wiesbaden
1997
6
Generation 2 CEPHEUS Hannover Kronsberg
CEPHEUSCost Efficient Passive Houses
asEUropeanStandards
7
filter
8
Insulated Buildung Envelope U values in the
range of 0.13 W/(m²K)
in future vacuum insulation
Ethics
timber frame externel thermal insulation
construction
type I during construction at the passive house
in Wolfurt
Insulating lost form filled with concrete
timber frame using special studs
type II stainless steel. At the passive house
Zwingenberg
prefabricated wall I
prefabricated wall II
9
(No Transcript)
10
Highly insulated window frames Uw ? 0,8 W/(m²K)
11
Superinsulated windows Uw not higher than 0.8
W/(m²K) innovative products - improved
comfort - added value - energy conservation - CO2
mitigation - job creation by small and medium
enterprises
12
CEPHEUS
250dwelling units in 14 different building
projects as passive houses
Sweden Germany France Switzerland Austria
13
Generation 2 Multi Family Passive House
14
CEPHEUS Passive Houses Sweden Lindås, Göteborg
15
all CEPHEUS projects
normal distribution
average
annual heat consumption
16
Benutzereinfluss im Passivhaus
occupants influence the average is important
all CEPHEUS projects
450
400
350
300
old buildings
250
annual heat consumption kWh/(m²a)
180
200

low energy buildings
150
100
74
66
passive houses
50
14.9
13.4
0
1
6
1
6
3
8
4
8
3
8
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
13
18
23
12
19
23
13
18
23
28
22 houses,
63 row houses in Heidelberg (Bj. 1962)
41 low energy houses
27 low energy
32 passive houses
PH settlement
Niedernhausen 1991
houses, Hessia
Kronsberg 1998
Wiesbaden 1997
17
Energy Efficient Buildings The Problem
18
Why Zero......some candles could be enough
19
You always need fresh air...

• ... in cold and in hot climates you need a
  ventilation system for IAQ Infiltration is not
  sufficient and modern buildings are to tight
  for infiltration
• natural ventilation difficult, high thermal
  losses
• indoor air polutions
• - humidity - CO2 - VOC - Radon
• minimum ventilation 30 m³/h/pers for IAQminimum
  ventilation rate of 0.4 ac/h for IAQ

20
Passive Houses - Definition

• ... heating (cooling...) with the ventilation
  system
• how it works
• minimum ventilation rate of 0.4 ac/h for IAQ
• that gives at least 1 m³/(m²h)
• maximum temperature postheater 50C
• simple calculation
• 1 m³/(m²h) ? (50 C - 20 C) ? 0,33 Wh/(m³K)
• 10 W/m²
• This can be done by simply heating the supply
  air.
• This result holds for all residential buildings
  it does not depend on climate, but the specific
  solution will.

21
supply air
Example Kassel Marbachshöhe Design innovatec /
OtteMonitoring PHI Pfluger
exhaust air
22
Energy Efficient Buildings The Problem
23
Passive Houses The Solution
24
... It really works
3 Row Houses at Hörbranz, Austria Another CEPHEUS
- Project, Architecture Caldonazzi
25
... It really works
26
Compact Systems
One unit integrated ventilation, heating and
domestic hot water.
1995 concept 1997 prototype 2005 8
systemsavailable on the market
27
Passive Houses - Many Solutions. Two things
unify all solutions

• extraordinarily high thermal comfort
• extraordinarily low energy consumption

28
Passive Buildungs - offices, schools, ...
Ulm Office Building Energon Stefan Oehler
Steyr Industr. Schloßgangl/Unterrainer
Waldshut passive school- building Harter
Kanzler Weiß/Stahl
Hagen students homes Ralph Wortmann
29
before
after
200 kWh m²a
30
Tools Passiv House Planning Package PHPP
year of construction dwelling units total
volume number of persons
treated floor area annual heat
requirement pressurisation test n50 total annual
primary energy primary energy for
hvacdhw maximum heat load Summer comfort
fraction
above
31
Passive Housesfrom Pilot to Mainstream in Germany