Database Life Cycle and Introduction to Access

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Database Life Cycle and Introduction to Access

• University of California, Berkeley
• School of Information
• IS 257 Database Management

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Models
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database

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Database Environment
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Database Components
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Terms and Concepts

• Database
• DBMS
• Data Independence
• Metadata
• Data Dictionary

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Terms and Concepts

• Enterprise
• Organization
• Entity
• Person, Place, Thing, Event, Concept...
• Attributes
• Data elements (facts) about some entity
• Also sometimes called fields or items or domains
• Data values
• instances of a particular attribute for a
  particular entity

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Terms and Concepts

• Records
• The set of values for all attributes of a
  particular entity
• AKA tuples or rows in relational DBMS
• File
• Collection of records
• AKA Relation or Table in relational DBMS

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Terms and Concepts

• Key
• an attribute or set of attributes used to
  identify or locate records in a file
• Primary Key
• an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely
  identifies each record in a file

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Terms and Concepts

• DA
• Data adminstrator - person responsible for the
  Data Administration function in an organization
• Sometimes may be the CIO -- Chief Information
  Officer
• DBA
• Database Administrator - person responsible for
  the Database Administration Function

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Terms and Concepts

• Data Administration
• Responsibility for the overall management of data
  resources within an organization
• Database Administration
• Responsibility for physical database design and
  technical issues in database management
• Data Steward
• Responsibility for some subset of the
  organizations data, and all of the interactions
  (applications, user access, etc.) for that data

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Models
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database

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Terms and Concepts

• Models
• (1) Levels or views of the Database
• Conceptual, logical, physical
• (2) DBMS types
• Relational, Hierarchic, Network, Object-Oriented,
  Object-Relational

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Models (1)
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Data Models(2) History

• Hierarchical Model (1960s and 1970s)
• Similar to data structures in programming
  languages.

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Data Models(2) History

• Network Model (1970s)
• Provides for single entries of data and
  navigational links through chains of data.

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Data Models(2) History

• Relational Model (1980s)
• Provides a conceptually simple model for data as
  relations (typically considered tables) with
  all data visible.

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Data Models(2) History

• Object Oriented Data Model (1990s)
• Encapsulates data and operations as Objects

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Data Models(2) History

• Object-Relational Model (1990s)
• Combines the well-known properties of the
  Relational Model with such OO features as
• User-defined datatypes
• User-defined functions
• Inheritance and sub-classing

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Models
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database

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Database System Life Cycle
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The Cascade View
See Hoffer, p. 41
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Design

• Determination of the needs of the organization
• Development of the Conceptual Model of the
  database
• Typically using Entity-Relationship diagramming
  techniques
• Construction of a Data Dictionary
• Development of the Logical Model

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Physical Creation

• Development of the Physical Model of the Database
• data formats and types
• determination of indexes, etc.
• Load a prototype database and test
• Determine and implement security, privacy and
  access controls
• Determine and implement integrity constraints

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Conversion

• Convert existing data sets and applications to
  use the new database
• May need programs, conversion utilities to
  convert old data to new formats.

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Integration

• Overlaps with Phase 3
• Integration of converted applications and new
  applications into the new database

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Operations

• All applications run full-scale
• Privacy, security, access control must be in
  place.
• Recovery and Backup procedures must be
  established and used

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Growth, Change Maintenance

• Change is a way of life
• Applications, data requirements, reports, etc.
  will all change as new needs and requirements are
  found
• The Database and applications and will need to be
  modified to meet the needs of changes

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Another View of the Life Cycle
Integration 4
Operations 5
Design 1
Physical Creation 2
Conversion 3
Growth, Change 6
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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Models
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database

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Test Database

• The DiveShop database contains information for
  the business operations of a skin scuba diving
  shop that
• Organizes trips to particular locations
  (destinations) with various dive sites
• Dive sites have various features including
• types of marine life found there
• other features (like shipwrecks)
• Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers for
  particular trips.

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ER Diagrams

• Entity-Relationship Diagrams are one of the main
  tools for database design
• We will examine ER diagrams in greater detail
  later
• ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles) and their
  attributes (ovals) and the relationships between
  entities (diamonds)

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Diveshop Entities SITES
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Diveshop Entities DIVECUST
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Diveshop Entities DEST
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Diveshop Entities BIOLIFE
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Diveshop Entities SHIPWRCK
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Diveshop Entities DIVESTOK
Reorder Point
On Hand
Cost
Equipment Class
Sale Price
Description
DiveStok
Rental Price
Item No
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Diveshop Entities DIVEORDS
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Diveshop Entities DIVEITEM
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Diveshop Entities BIOSITE
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Diveshop Entities SHIPVIA
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DiveShop ER Diagram
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Diveshop Additions

• Over the course of the semester we (mostly me)
  will be expanding and modifying the Diveshop to
  include additional data (and entities)
• Most likely inclusions are charter boat bookings
  for particular destinations, boat operators
  (captains) and dive masters

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Assignment 1 (also online)

• How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware?
• What is customer Karen Ngs address?
• At what destinations and sites might you find a
  Spotted Eagle Ray?
• Where (what destination) is the site Palancar
  Reef?
• What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip?
• Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip.
  Is he going to the right place?
• What equipment is Richard Denning getting?
• What is the cost of the equipment rental for
  Louis Jazdzewski

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Assignment 1 cont.

• The Database is available on the course web site
• Download your own copy (NEW VERSION!)
• For each of the questions create a query in
  Access
• Create a document (Word, etc.) containing
• The query being answered
• The results of your query cut and pasted from
  Access
• Due date Sept. 7