Agenda [Copy]: How did the church influence life in medieval Europe?

1
Agenda Copy How did the church influence life
in medieval Europe?

• Do Now Dont copy simply address all of the
  below listed queries Write down your answers.
• 1. As per the first Amendment of U.S.
  Constitution the main governing laws of
  America, consider the separation between church
  and state in the United States the church
  govt simply dont mix. They are and shall remain
  separate. Why the separation?
• 2. In correlation connection to homework4,
  what does this separation mean for the church,
  the U.S. government and all citizens?
• 3. State whether you think the separation is
  positive or negative. Why? Explain your response.
  

2
Section 3 The Power of the Church
Main Idea Reform and changes swept through the
Christian Church, one of the most influential
institutions in medieval Europe.

• Todays Focus
• What was the nature and influence of religion in
  the Middle Ages?
• What led to the growth of papal power in Europe?
• What changes in monasticism were introduced in
  the Middle Ages?

3
Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle AgesSection
5 The Power of the Church
Notre Dame de Paris Construction began1163
Completed 1345
4
Objective I

• In connection to homework 4 and your
  understanding of 13.3, create a chart that
  demonstrates the hierarchy a pyramid of the
  medieval church from top to bottom. Give a brief
  description of each category of hierarchy and
  duties/responsibilities.

5
Objective 2

• Put yourselves in the shoes of a medieval
• European. Who might you fear more, the church
• or king? Why? Specify Compare the powers of
  church and king please write it out.

6
Answer/response to objective II

• Always keep in mind that the powers of
  excommunication and interdict often seemed more
  mighty and frightening than the powers of the
  monarch/king. True, a king might imprison or even
  execute you, but if the church excommunicated a
  person, he/she would not only be shunned
  socially, politically and economically
  banished/ostracized in life, but also doomed for
  eternity. With the church, one fears social
  banishment in their lifetime and eternal
  damnation in the next life, death (possibly in
  hell).

7
Section 5 The Power of the Church

• Throughout the Middle Ages, the church
• was one of the few sources of leadership
• and stability that people could rely upon.
• One historian has noted that The
• continuity and the authority of the Church
• of Rome stood out in marked contrast
• against the short-lived kingdoms which
• rose and fell in the early Middle Ages. As
• a result, the Catholic church became one
• of medieval Europes most powerful and
• enduring institutions.

8
From 590 to 1517, the Roman Church dominated the
western world. The Roman Catholic Church
controlled religion, philosophy, morals,
politics, art and education.
9
The Medieval Catholic Church

• filled the power vacuum left from the
  collapse of the classical world.
• monasticism
• St. Benedict Benedictine Rule of poverty,
  chastity, and obedience.
• provided schools for the children of the upper
  class.
• inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
• libraries scriptoria to copy books and
  illuminate manuscripts.
• monks ? missionaries to the barbarians. St.
  Patrick, St. Boniface

10
Pope Gregory VII

• Pope Gregory VII, though unpopular,
• initiated many reforms for the church.
  
• These reforms became known as the Gregorian
  reforms.
• Pope Gregory Stated
• The Church was founded by God Alone
• The pope alone can with right be called
  universal.
• The pope alone can depose or reinstate bishops
• The popes name alone can be spoken in churches
• The pope may depose of emperors
• The pope may be judged by no one
• The Roman Church has never erred nor will it
  err to all eternity, the Scripture bearing
  witness.

11
The Church Supreme

• The attempts to make the church more powerful did
  not end with Gregory VII. During the 12th and
  13th century the Popes continued to strengthen
  the papacy.
• Pope Innocent III declared the Act of Papal
  Supremacy. He stated that the Pope was,
• lower than God but higher than man . . . Judges
  all and is judged by no one. . . . Princes have
  power on earth, priests over the soul. As much
  as the soul is worthier than the body, so much
  worthier is the priesthood than the monarchy . .
  . NO king can reign rightly unless he devoutly
  serve Christs vicar.

12
Handout Examine the church flex its
ecclesiastical muscles

• Examine a handout focused on the two most
  powerful institutions in middle age (Monarchy
  vs. the Church/Pope) Europe opposing one another
  over power/prestige Lets get ready to rumble.

13
The Power of the Medieval Church

• bishops and abbots played a large part in the
  feudal system.
• the church controlled about 1/3 of the land
  in Western Europe.
• tried to curb feudal warfare ? only 40 days a
  year for combat.
• curb heresies ? crusades Inquisition
• tithe ? 1/10 tax on your assets given to the
  church.
• Peters Pence ? 1 penny per person paid by
  the peasants.

14
A Medieval Monks Day
15
A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium
16
Illuminated Manuscripts
17
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Medieval church had broad political power,
• performed many government functions

Emperor Henry IV waited three days to meet Pope
Gregory VII and the Countess Matilda
18
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• By 1200s, the church was a leading landowner
• and wealthiest institution in Europe

19
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Clergy was organized in strict hierarchy of rank
• parish priest was at bottom

Saint John Marie-Baptiste Vianney is the patron
saint of parish priests
20
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Priests directly served people in parish
• administered five of the seven sacraments

21
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Bishops managed a diocese performed
• sacraments of confirmation and holy orders

22
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Kings or nobles selected bishops based on
• family connections or political power

23
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Archbishops managed a group of several
• dioceses called an archdiocese

The chief diocese in a province. To help things
run smoothly, one bishop in each province has
seniority. He's an archbishop and his diocese is
an archdiocese.
24
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Cardinals most important and powerful clergy
• advised pope on legal and spiritual matters

Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1510-12
Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and
Luigi de' Rossi, Raphael 1518
25
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• Pope held supreme authority during his
• pontificate head of ecclesiastical courts power
  
• to excommunicate

Galileo in front of the Inquisition, 12 April 1633
26
I. Religion in the Middle Ages

• 1054 - Bishop of Constantinople rejected Pope
• Leo IXs authority excommunication split church
• into Roman Catholics and Orthodox

Pope Benedict XVI and Patriarch Bartholomew
27
II. Monasticism

• Monasticism - life in religious communities
• monks in monasteries and nuns in convents

28
II. Monasticism

• Monks and nuns served God through fasting,
• prayer, and self-denial

A monk at work in a monastic scriptorium
29
II. Monasticism

• Benedict established monastery in the 500s
• Benedictine Rule governed monks lives

30
II. Monasticism

• Benedictine Rule abandoned in 900s after
• rulers began appointing unqualified abbots

31
II. Monasticism

• New monastery at Cluny, France, reestablished
• Benedictine Rule became most influential
• monastery in Europe

32
III. The Church and Medieval Life

• Church leaders were feudal lords and political
• advisors popes held political and spiritual
• power over monarchs

33
III. The Church and Medieval Life

• The church had the power to tax parish priests
• collected a tithe - one-tenth of a persons
• income

34
III. The Church and Medieval Life

• Major problems in the church were lay
• investiture and simony

Jan Hus, a Bohemian preacher who called for
Church reforms, was declared a heretic by the
Church. Hus was summoned to the Council of
Constance and burned at the stake in 1415.
35
III. The Church and Medieval Life

• Heretics - people who denied the churchs
• principles

36
Reflective overview

• Based on todays class work and last nights
  homework, students are asked to
• Define and then examine some of the key roles the
  church played in society throughout the medieval
  ages. In a nutshell, if any, what was the
  churchs purpose?
• The monarch vs. the church, of the two, which
  institution had the most influence and power
  throughout this period? Proof? Back-up your
  response with some form of evidence.