The Later Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century:

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• The Later Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century
• 1873 Wilhelm Wundt publishes Principles of
  Physiological Psychology
• 1874 Brentano publishes first volume of
  Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint
• David Ferrier publishes The Functions of the
  Brain
• 1979 Wundt establishes first psychological
  laboratory at University of Leipzig
• 1880 Breuer begins treatment of Anna O.
• G. Stanley Hall establishes first
  psychological laboratory in America at
  Johns Hopkins University
• Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Memory A
  Contribution to Experimental Psychology
• Freud goes to Paris to study with Charcot
• 1895 Freud and Breuer publish Studies in
  Hysteria
• Edward Titchener coins the term structuralism
  for his doomed psychology
• of the sensory elements of consciousness
• 1900 Freud publishes the The Interpretation of
  Dreams
• 1901 Wurzburg psychologists publish first of
  papers claiming imageless thought.
• 1905 Freud publishes Three Essays on the Theory
  of Sexuality
• 1910 Wertheimer, Kohler, and Koffka begin
  Gestalt research program
• Knight Dunlap, predecessor and colleague of
  John B. Watson at Johns Hopkins, publishes The
  Case Against Introspection
• 1923 Freud publishes The Ego and the Id

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Queen Victoria of England (reigned 1837 - 1901)
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Nineteenth Century
Anti-Masturbation Devices
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Havelock Ellis 1859 - 1939
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Sigmind Freud (18561939) Pictured here in
1884, One year before Going to Paris to Study
with Charcot
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Manuscript for the never- published Project for
a Scientific Psychology
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Excerpt from Freud's diagram of how language is
organized in the mind. By permission of the
Estate of A W Freud et al, by arrangement with
Paterson Marsh Ltd., London. Photo Chris Focht

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Illustration from French pamphlet Principles of
Magnetism based on the work of Franz Mesmer.
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Freuds consulting office in Vienna, at Bergasse
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site of a Freud Museum
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Josef Breuer (1842-1925) Doctor
to Anna O. Discoverer of talking cure
Early collaborator with Freud
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Anna O.
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Freud and Fliess
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Freuds psychosexual stages

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Melanie Klein (1882 1960) competitor with
Anna Freud and co-founder of
object-relations school of psychoanalysis
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Ernest Becker (1925 1974), author of The
Denial of Death and other books based on
psychoanalytic and existential ideas
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Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung (front
row, at Clark University in 1909)
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Sigmund and Anna Freud (1895 1982)
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• Denial claiming/believing that what is true to
  be actually false.
• Displacement redirecting emotions to a
  substitute target.
• Intellectualization taking an objective
  viewpoint.
• Projection attributing uncomfortable feelings to
  others.
• Rationalization creating false but credible
  justifications.
• Reaction Formation overacting in the opposite
  way to the fear.
• Regression going back to acting as a child.
• Repression pushing uncomfortable thoughts into
  the subconscious.
• Sublimation redirecting 'wrong' urges into
  socially acceptable actions.

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Eros vs. Thanatos
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Freud in 1938, the year before his painful death
from jaw cancer. He had an arrangement with his
personal physician for assisted suicide by
morphine overdose.
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Highs and Lows in the History
of Psychology

• Biggest Blunders Greatest Hits
• Phrenology 1. Neuronal basis of
  perception, movement, min
• Failure to incorporate a priori 2. Ebbinghauss
  and Donders
• mental faculties as alternative application
  of quantitative methods
• to associationism
• 3. Introspection / Structuralism
  
• Almost all of the
• details of
• Freudian theory,
• treatment, and
• research methods

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Highs and Lows in the History
of Psychology

• Biggest Blunders Greatest Hits
• Phrenology 1. Neuronal basis of
  perception, movement, min
• Failure to incorporate a priori 2. Ebbinghauss
  and Donders
• mental faculties as alternative application
  of quantitative methods
• to associationism
• 3. Introspection / Structuralism
  
• Almost all of the 3. Re-discovery of the
• details of unconscious and the role of
• Freudian theory, emotional defenses in
  treatment, and shaping consciousness,
  research methods personality, and behavior

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Hysteria, in its clinically pure form, seems to
occur more often among the psychologically and
medically naive than among sophisticated persons.
The incidence of hysteria appears to be
diminishing in many areas of the world, probably
because of cultural factors such as increasing
psychological and medical awareness among the
general public. Cases of classical hysteria, such
as those frequently described by 19th-century
clinicians, have become rare.
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Dr. Amir Raz, rear, and Miguel Moeno demonstrate
the deep effects of hypnosis, suggestion, and
top-down processing using brain scans and the
Stroop effect.
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Near his death Freud recorded a brief
message for broadcast on the BBC. He wrote out
his words beforehand
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if often he was wrong and, at times, absurd, to
us he is no more a personnow but a whole climate
of opinion. -- W.H. Auden, In Memory of Sigmund
Freud 1973