Communicable Diseases

1
Communicable Diseases
Get out a piece of paper.
2

• How many surfaces does the average person touch
  in 30 minutes?
• a. 10
• b. 40
• c. 100
• d. 300
• What is the most germ-contaminated surface in the
  average home?
• a. Toilet seat
• b. Phone receiver
• c. TV remote
• d. Light switch

Journal
3

• Which of these classroom surfaces has the most
  bacteria?
• a. Water fountain handle
• b. Doorknob
• c. Computer keyboard
• d. Student desktop
• How long can viruses survive on common surfaces
  like doorknobs and staplers?
• a. 10 minutes
• b. 3 days
• c. 2 weeks
• d. 1 month

4

• How many bacteria are on the average students
  desk?
• a. 10
• b. 100
• c. 10,000
• d. 10 million
• Regular soap and water can kill germs.
• a. True
• b. False

5

• All bacteria are bad.
• a. True
• b. False
• How many colds does the average kid catch a year?
• a. 1
• b. 4
• c. 8
• d. 10

6

• How many bacteria are on the average sponge?
• a. 100
• b. 2500
• c. 600,000
• d. 7 billion
• You can help stop the spread of germs at home and
  school.
• a. True
• b. False

7
What is Disease? A disease is an illness that
affects the proper functioning of the body or
mind. A disease that can be passed to a person
from another person, animal, or object is called
a communicable disease. Diseases that cannot be
caught from people, animals, or objects are
called noncommunicable diseases.
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• Causes of Communicable Diseases
• The tiny organisms that cause communicable
  diseases are called pathogens.
• There are many different types of pathogens
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Rickettsias
• When pathogens enter the body, an infection may
  result.

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Types of Pathogens An infection is a condition
that occurs when pathogens enter the body,
multiply, and damage cells. Bacteria are tiny
one-celled organisms that live nearly everywhere.
Most types of bacteria are harmless, and many
types live on and inside the human body. In
fact, your body needs certain bacteria to work
properly. Common disease caused by bacteria
include strep throat, tooth decay, boils,
bacterial pneumonia, and impetigo.
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Bacterial waste in water
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A virus is the smallest disease-causing organism.
Colds, flu, and hepatitis are caused by viruses.
Viruses also cause diseases of childhood and
adolescence, such as measles, mumps, and chicken
pox. It is important to know whether a disease
is caused by a virus or by another pathogen so
that the right treatment can be given. In
general, bacterial infections can be treated with
antibiotics but viral infections cannot. Some
viral infections are now treated with prescribed
medications.
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Influenza virus
Measles Rash
Mumps
Swelling of salivary glands
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Protozoa are single-celled organisms that are
usually harmless but that can cause certain
diseases. Malaria is a disease caused by
protozoa that live in certain kinds of
mosquitoes. If an affected mosquito bites a
human, the person will be infected. Water
contaminated with protozoa can also cause
infections.
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Fungi are primitive life-forms that feed on
organic materials. Certain fungi live in the
hair, nails, and skin. Fungi cause ringworm, an
infection of the scalp and skin, and athletes
foot, an infection of the skin between the toes.
Ringworm
Athletes Foot
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Rickettsias are disease-causing organisms that
resemble bacteria but multiply like viruses.
They enter humans from the bites of insects such
as fleas or lice. They can cause diseases such
as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Louse
Flea
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• How Pathogens are Spread
• Illness can occur when a pathogen enters your
  body. Here are some risk factors associated with
  communicable diseases
• Direct contact with an infected person.
• Indirect contact with an infected person.
• Contact with a vector.
• Other contacts.

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Preventing the Spread of Disease Preventing the
spread of disease involves good personal hygiene
and that starts with hand washing.
Protecting others involves taking actions to
prevent the spread of pathogens. If you are
sick, determine the contagious period, that is,
the length of time when a particular disease can
spread from person to person. Stay home from
school and away from other people during this
period.
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• Causes of Noncommunicable Diseases
• Communicable diseases are caused by the spread of
  pathogens.
• Noncommunicable diseases are diseases that are
  not transmitted by pathogens.
• Many noncommunicable diseases are
• Chronic diseases
• Degenerative Diseases

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Diseases Present at Birth Some babies are born
with physical or mental disabilities resulting
from birth defects or genetic disorders. The
causes of many birth defects are unknown. Genetic
disorders are caused by a defect in genes.
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Lifestyle Behaviors and Disease Heredity, age,
gender, and ethnic group are risk factors over
which people have no control. Many diseases are
the direct or indirect result of harmful
lifestyle behaviors, such as using tobacco or
eating too many fatty foods.
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• Diseases Caused by the Environment
• These environmental substances can cause serious
  health problems or make existing health problems
  worse for some people
• Chemical waste
• Certain construction materials
• Household chemicals
• Secondhand smoke
• Improper waste disposal
• Radon
• Carbon monoxide

Page 115
22

• How many surfaces does the average person touch
  in 30 minutes?
• a. 10
• b. 40
• c. 100
• d. 300
• What is the most germ-contaminated surface in the
  average home?
• a. Toilet seat
• b. Phone receiver
• c. TV remote
• d. Light switch

Journal
23

• Which of these classroom surfaces has the most
  bacteria?
• a. Water fountain handle
• b. Doorknob
• c. Computer keyboard
• d. Student desktop
• How long can viruses survive on common surfaces
  like doorknobs and staplers?
• a. 10 minutes
• b. 3 days
• c. 2 weeks
• d. 1 month

24

• How many bacteria are on the average students
  desk?
• a. 10
• b. 100
• c. 10,000
• d. 10 million
• Regular soap and water can kill germs.
• a. True
• b. False

25

• All bacteria are bad.
• a. True
• b. False
• How many colds does the average kid catch a year?
• a. 1
• b. 4
• c. 8
• d. 10

26

• How many bacteria are on the average sponge?
• a. 100
• b. 2500
• c. 600,000
• d. 7 billion
• You can help stop the spread of germs at home and
  school.
• a. True
• b. False

27
Communicable Diseases
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• Journal
• What foods does your family have for
  Thanksgiving? (Describe at least 3-4.)
• What is your favorite part of the Thanksgiving
  meal?
• What is your favorite part of Thanksgiving day?
  (food, football, sleeping)

4. What if your parents told you today that you
weren't going to be able to celebrate
Thanksgivingthat they dont even think they will
be able to afford a can of soup or a box of
cereal. What would your reaction be?
Food item for Eagle Food Bank by Monday 11/24.
Extra credit.
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1. What is a communicable disease? 2. What is a
noncommunicable disease? 3. List the five types
of pathogens.