BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS
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Alanine
Pyruvate
OAA
Aspartate
Asparagine
Krebs cycle
Lysine
a-Ketoglutarate
Urea
Glutamate
Glutamine
Nucleotides
Histidine
Ornithine
Homoserine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Proline
Nucleotides
Arginine
Urea
Threonine
Amino sugars
Creatine phosphate
Isoleucine
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L-Alanine
Pyr
3-PGA
ATP, NH3
CO2
L-Asparagine
OAA
L-Aspartate
ATP, NH3
?-Kg
L-Glutamine
L-Glutamate
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Making Amino Acids from Glucose
Glucose
F-1,6BP
Glycine
G-3-P
H2O
NAD
3-PGA
Serine-PO4
Pyruvate-PO4
Serine
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NADPH
Glu
?1-Pyrroline carboxylic acid
Glutamate semialdehyde
NADPH
PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS
L-Proline
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OAA/Aspartate
ATP
NADPH
?-Aspartyl- semialdehyde
L-Aspartate
NADPH
Aspartyl-?-PO4
Homoserine
Threonine
L-Methionine
Methyl-THF B12
p646
Homocysteine
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Cystathionine
Cystathione ?-lyase
L-Cysteine
?-ketobutyrate
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Amino Acid Derivatives
Take home Amino acid provide the carbon and
nitrogen atoms that make up the structures of
many biomolecules with diverse biological
functions
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Hormones

• Epinephrine Phenylalanine
• Auxin Tryptophan
• Ethylene Methionine
• Thyroxine Tyrosine

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Neurotransmitters

• Norepinephrine Phenylalanine
• Dopamine Phenylalanine
• Serotonin Tryptophan
• GABA Glutamate

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Famous Decarboxylations
L-Histidine
Histamine (A-CHOO!)
L-Tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine
Serotonin
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?-Aminobutyric Acid
L-Glutamate
(GABA)
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Versatility of Glycine
Serine
Purine Ring
Glutathione
Heme
Glyoxylate
Creatine-PO4
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Creatine Phosphate
H
ARGININE
Creatine-PO4
GLYCINE
METHIONINE
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Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Catechol
L-DOPA
Dopamine
Catecholamine
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Dopamine
Norepinephrine
SAM
Epinephrine
(Adrenaline)
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