The Wireless Revolution

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Chapter
The Wireless Revolution
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
OBJECTIVES

• Identify the principal wireless transmission
  media and devices, cellular network standards and
  generations, and standards for mobile Web access
• Describe the major standards for wireless
  networks and for wireless Internet access
• Evaluate the role of m-commerce in business and
  describe the most important m-commerce
  applications

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
OBJECTIVES (Continued)

• Assess the business value of wireless technology
  and describe important wireless applications in
  business
• Identify and describe the challenges posed by
  wireless technology and management solutions

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
Boston Public Library Case

• Challenge provide Internet access and services
  to thousands of patrons in an historic one
  million square foot building
• Solution Develop 802.11b (Wi-Fi) network with 70
  access points providing Internet access to
  patrons using wireless laptops and PDAs
• Extend wireless network to adjacent park and to
  library staff to enhance service levels
• Illustrates the importance of wireless networking
  to service customers at reasonable costs

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
The Wireless Revolution

• Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for
  delivering digital data, used for recording and
  downloading photos, video and music, Internet
  access, and transmitting payments.
• An array of technologies provides high-speed
  wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other
  wireless handheld devices and cell phones.
• Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut
  costs, increase flexibility, and create new
  products and services.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Business Value of Wireless Networking

• Wireless communication helps businesses easily
  stay in touch with customers, suppliers, and
  employees.
• Wireless networking increases worker productivity
  and output, as workers take less time to
  establish contact with people and to access
  information.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Business Value of Wireless Networking (Continued)

• Companies can save on wiring offices, moving, and
  making network changes by using wireless
  networks.
• Wireless technology has also been the source of
  new products, services, and sales channels in a
  variety of industries, e.g. OnStar, Starbucks
  hot spots.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Wireless Transmission Media and Devices

• All wireless media rely on various parts of the
  electromagnetic spectrum.
• Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio
  signals through the atmosphere.
• Communication satellites are used for
  geographically dispersed organizations.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and
Devices
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Amocos Satellite Transmission System
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Devices for Wireless Transmission

• Paging systems
• E-mail handhelds
• Cellular telephones
• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
• Smart phones

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Generations

• 1G Analog cellular networks for voice
  communication
• 2G Digital wireless networks, primarily for
  voice communication limited data transmission
  capability

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Cellular Generations (Continued)

• 2.5G Interim step toward 3G in the United States
  
• 3G High-speed mobile supports video and other
  rich media always-on transmission for e-mail,
  Web browsing, instant messaging

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Uses
  Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers
• I-mode Uses compact HTML and allows for
  continuous connection

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Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

• Open standard providing mobile users of wireless
  terminals access to telephony and information
  services
• Wireless terminals include wireless phones,
  pagers and personal digital assistants (PDAs)
• Designed to work with all wireless network
  technologies such as GSM, CDMA, and TDMA
• Based on existing Internet standards such as IP,
  XML, HTML, and HTTP
• Includes security facilities

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of
complementary standards for wireless computer
networks.

• Personal Area Network (PAN) --- Bluetooth
• Bluetooth IEEE 802.15
• Local Area Network (LAN) --- Wi-Fi
• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) --- WiMax
• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)

Table 9-2
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
Bluetooth

• NOT mean a Blue tooth! It means Harald Blatand, a
  king in Denmark (Harold Bluetooth in English).
• A standard communications protocol for wireless
  personal area networks (PANs).
• The leading short range (1,10, and 100 meters)
  wireless technology.
• Low power requirements

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
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Figure 5-26 Bluetooth Personal Area Networks
(PANs) (Study Figure)

• For Personal Area Networks (PANs)
• Devices around a desk and persons body(laptops,
  PCs, mouse, keyboard, printer, digital cameras,
  MP3 players, video game consoles)
• Bluetooth devices talk to each other whenever
  they come within range.
• Cable replacement technology

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Figure 5-26 Bluetooth Personal Area Networks
(PANs), Continued

• Disadvantages Compared to 802.11
• Short distance (10 meters), up to 100 meters
• Low speed (3 Mbps, with a slower reverse channel)
• Insufficient for Wireless LAN in a building

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Figure 5-26 Bluetooth Personal Area Networks
(PANs), Continued

• Advantages Compared to 802.11
• Low battery power drain so long battery life
  between recharges
• Application profiles
• Initial focus interoperability between devices
• Mobile phone and hands-free headset
• Between PCs in a confined area
• PC input/output devices mouse, keyboard, printer
• 7th generation game consoles and wireless
  controllers
• Emerging application -- Wireless sensor networks
  (WSNs)

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Wii Game Console and wireless controller
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
A Wireless Sensor Network
Source From Jason Hill, Mike Horton, Ralph King,
and Lakshman Krishnamurthy, The Platforms
Enabling Wireless Sensor Networks,
Communications of the ACM 47, no. 6 (June 2004).
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Figure 5-1 Local Wireless Technologies, Continued

• Other Local Wireless Technologies RFID
• Radio Frequency ID (RFID) tags like UPC product
  tags but readable from a small distance
• RFID reader sends probe signal that powers the
  RFID tag, which then responds with its
  information
• Components of an RFID system
• RFID Transponder (tag)
• a tiny microchip (small object such as adhesive
  sticker)
• Consists of a processor, memory ( a few byte s to
  KBs), a radio transmitter (antenna)

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Figure 5-1 Local Wireless Technologies, Continued

• Components of an RFID system
• RFID Transponder (tag)
• Read-only, read/write
• Passive tags no power supplies or battery, read
  only, majority are passive
• Active tags a power source (battery), size of a
  dime. Read/write tiny microchip (small object
  such as adhesive sticker), store information from
  readers
• RFID Readers
• Query RFID tags about ID, location, other info.
• Reader Antenna send RF energy to the RFID tag
  anteena

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Other Local Wireless Technologies RFID

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
How RFID Works
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Benefits of RFID

• No need for contact
• or line-of-sight
• Can scan entire pallets
• at once
• Greater speed
• Low error rates
• Reduced counterfeiting

(from RecordsAssociates 1999)
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Additional Benefits

• Size a grain of rice
• Ability to hold more data than bar codes
• Durability

(Clinton 2002)
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Drawbacks

• Cost
• Passive tags 30-50 cents
• Would be economically viable at 5 cents
• Lack of standards
• Proliferation of multiple operating frequencies
• Need for standard electronic product code (EPC)
• Efforts by ISO and ANSI
• Privacy
• Implications of staying active beyond checkout
• Kill switches

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Adoption

• Wal-Mart
• Leading the charge by requiring all suppliers to
  use RFID on pallets by 2006.
• Gillette
• Has ordered 500 million tags for razors.
• Delta
• Testing RFID on passenger luggage this fall.
• Ford
• Testing use of RFID to track parts.
• DoD
• Tracking parts sent to the Persian Gulf.

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On the Horizon

• Quadrillion units in the global supply chain
• Estimated Market (VDC Corp.)
• 700 million (2003) ? 2 billion (2007)
• Five cent target
• Privacy issues paramount

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Wi-Fi Wireless LAN

• 802.11
• The dominant Wireless LAN technology today
• Standardized by the 802.11 Working Group

802.11
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802.11 Operation

• Do not require line-of-sight conditions
• Key element of Wireless LAN is a wireless Access
  Point or Base Station.

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802.11 Operation

• Wireless Network Interface (adapter) Card (NIC)

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802.11 Operation

• Wireless Access point is wired to server
• Pocket PC/laptop talks to the Access Point
  Wirelessly through wireless network interface
  card.
• Access point is a bridge between wireless
  stations and the wired LAN.
• Bridges.
• Handoff/Roaming

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802.11 Operation

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Hubs (Concentrators)Switches
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802.11 Operation

• Need for Media Access Control Sharing a single
  Channel
• Why?
• What? CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access)/CA
  (Collision Avoidance)
• How?
• Sender listens for traffic
• If there is traffic, waits
• If there is no traffic
• If there has been no traffic for less than the
  critical time value
• Then waits a random amount of time , sends if
  still no traffic.
• If there has been no traffic for more than the
  critical time value
• Then sends without waiting.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS
An 802.11 Wireless LAN
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS

• WAP a wireless access point (WAP)

• A hotspot

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• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax World Wide Interoperability
  for Microwave Access)
• Wireless broadband access in MANs
• A wireless access range up to 31 miles
• Wifi -- less than 300 feet from the base station
• Bluetooth 30 feet
• Target carriers
• WiFi End users
• Future of WiMax
• It is expected that WiMax will be incorporated
  into end-user devices such as notebook, PDA,
  Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth

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Long Range Wireless

• WWAN
• Operates in licensed space regulated by FCC
• Range of up to 20 miles
• Primarily used for Voice Transmission

www.dell.com
Information Systems Research Center
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WLL Configuration
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Figure 6-18 Residential Internet Access Services

• WiMax (802.16)
• Wireless Internet access for metropolitan areas
• Basic 802.16d standard ADSL speeds to fixed
  locations
• Will use dish antennas
• Just reaching the market
• 802.16e will extend the service to mobile users
• Will use omnidirectional antennas

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Figure 6-18 Residential Internet Access Services

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• A digital transmission line that allows a user to
  send or receive data while talking on the phone
  at the same time over regular copper telephone
  line .
• Most commonly used by the home subscriber is ADSL
  (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line).
• Download speed 1.5- 8 mbps
• Upload speed 16-640 kbps

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Figure 5-6 Omnidirectional and Dish Antennas
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship
Management
Wireless CRM enables sales and field service
professionals to

• Access customer account records and information
  at any time or location

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship
Management (Continued)

• Update customer accounts and deal information to
  update customer database instantaneously
• Receive alerts to important events
• Enter, perform, and update transactions and
  product information

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Pitney Bowess Wireless CRM System
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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Wireless supply chain management systems Provide
  simultaneous accurate information about demand,
  supply, production, and logistics as goods move
  among supply chain partners
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems
  Provide a powerful technology for tracking the
  movement of goods throughout the supply chain

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing

• Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) Networks of
  interconnected wireless devices that are embedded
  into the physical environment to provide
  measurements of many points over large spaces

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE
Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing
(Continued)

• Pervasive computing Wireless technologies are
  pushing computing into every facet of life,
  including cars, homes, office buildings, tools
  and factories providing connections anywhere and
  anytime.

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Management Information Systems Chapter 9 The
Wireless Revolution
MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND
SOLUTIONS
Management Opportunities

• Wireless technology offers
• Flexible business processes
• Business processes not limited by time or space
• New channel for communicating with client
• Source of new products and services