Science of Hadith (9)

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Science of Hadith (9)
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Al-Hadith Ashaath

• In Arabic, it means the Odd one out.
• Definition The hadith which is reported by a
  reliable narrator in contradiction to someone
  more reliable.
• It could happen in the Isnaad or in the matn.
• Status Ashaath is daeef and rejected.

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Al-Hadith Ashaath-cont

• Examples
• Hadith Shaath in the Isnaad
• What Imam Anassaee, Athirmithi and Ibn Majah
  collected through Sofian ibn Uyaynah from Amr
  ibn Dinaar from Awsajah from Ibn Abbas ( May
  Allah be pleased with him) that a man died at the
  time of the Prophet (pbuh) and did not leave
  inheritors except an ex-slave that he granted him
  freedom. So the Prophet (pbuh) asked Did he
  leave anyone? They said No, except a young man
  that he granted him freedom, so the prophet
  (pbhu) gave him all his inheritance

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Al-Hadith Ashaadth-cont

• What is wrong with this hadith?
• Sufian ibn Uyaynah and Ibn Gurayj and some other
  narrators narrated it as a Mawsoul Hadith.
• Hammad ibn zaid narrated it as Mursal Hadith.
• Abu Hatim said the hadith of Hammad ibn Zaid is
  Shaath, because he contradicted a group of
  reliable and trustworthy narrators.

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Al-Hadith Ashaath-Cont

• 2nd example Shaath in the Matn.
• What Imam Abu Dawood and Imam Atirmithi
  collected through Abdulwahid ibn Zeyad from
  Alamash from Abee Salih from Abee Hurairah (May
  Allah be pleased with him) as a marfou Hadith
  Whoever has prayed the two rakas of sunat Alfajr
  , then let him lay down on his right side .

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Al-Hadith Ashaath-cont

• What wrong with this hadith?
• Abdulwahid ibn Zeyad has contradicted a big group
  of reliable narrators who narrated this hadith as
  one of the actions or habits of the prophet. So
  our prophet used to do it after praying the two
  rakas of sunat Alfajr, but he did not command
  anyone to do it.
• The opposite of Al-hadith Ashaath is Al-Hadith
  Al-Mahfouth. Al-Mahfouth is authentic and
  accepted.

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Al-Hadith Al-Mual

• Definition A Hadith which is apparently
  authentic, but has a hidden defect affecting its
  authenticity.
• Some scholars are very famous for detecting the
  hidden defects such as Al-Imam Ali ibn Almadinee,
  Al-Imam Al-Bukhari, Al-Imam Ahmed, Abu Hatim and
  Al-Imam Ad-Daraqutni.

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Al-Hadith Al-Mual continued

• How the hidden defect is uncovered?
• By gathering all the narrations and see how the
  narrators differ or contradict each other.
• Al-Hadith Al-Mual can be divided into many
  types, among which are the following
• Al-Hadith Al-Mudraj
• Al-Hadith Al-Maqloub
• Al-Hadith Al-Muthtarib

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Al-Hadith Al-Mudraj

• In Arabic, it means that something is entered
  into something else.
• Definition It is the hadith whose isnaad has a
  text connected to it incorrectly, or that which
  has something entered into its text, which is not
  from it.
• It can be divided into two types
• Mudraj Al-Isnaad
• Mudraj Al-Matn

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Mudraj Al-Isnaad

• (1) It is made up of an Isnaad and a matn, that
  were connected incorrectly.
• Example A narrator relates an isnaad, and then
  something happens which causes him to say
  something not connected to the hadith, but some
  people who hear it would think that it is the
  text of the hadeeth and report it as such.
• (2) Another form of Mudraj Al-Isnaad is when a
  hadith is narrated through different chains of
  narrations and someone would come and mix them
  together in one isnaad.

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Mudraj Al-Isnaad-ContinuedExample of the first
type.

• What Imam Ibn Majah narrated from Ismail Atlhi
  from Thaabit ibn Moussa, from Shuraik from
  Al-Amash from Abee Sufian from Jabir as a
  Marfou Hadith Whoever prays a lot during the
  night, his face will be shiny during the day
• (?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????)
• Al-Hakim said Thaabit ibn Moussa entered while
  Shuraik was dictating to his students saying
  Al-Amash told us from Abee Sufian from Jabir
  that the Prophet (pbuh) said , and then he
  stopped to give chance to his students to
  complete their writing, and then looked at
  thaabit and said Whoever prays a lot
  etc and he meant thaabit , so the latter thought
  that this statement is the matn of that Isnaad.

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Mudraj Al-IsnaadExample of the 2nd type.

• What Al-Imam Tirmithi narrated through Ibn Mahdi
  from At-Thawri from Waasil and Mansour and
  Al-Amash from Abee Wael from Amr ibn Shurahbeel
  from Ibn Masoud who said I said o messenger
  of Allah, What is the greatest sin?...
• The narration of waasil is Mudrajah with the
  narration of Mansour and Al-Amash, because Wasil
  does not have (Amr ibn Shurahbeel) in his chain
  of narration. He narrated the hadith from Abee
  Wael from Ibn Masoud directly.

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Mudraj Al-Matn

• Definition It is the hadith which has something
  added to its text which is not from it, without
  any separation.
• It can be divided into three types
• The idraaj would happen at the beginning of the
  hadith e.g. the narrator makes a statement and
  then quotes a hadith to support it.
• The idraaj occurs in the middle of the text e.g.
  that a narrator explains a word of the text after
  quoting it.
• The idraaj occurs at the end of the hadith.

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Mudraj Al-Matn (1st type)

• What Al-khateeb collected through Abee Qatan and
  Shababah from Shubah from Mohamed ibn Zeyad from
  Abee Hurayrah (May Allah be pleased with him) who
  said, that Allahs Messenger (pbuh) said
  Complete your ablution, woe to the heels from the
  punishment of Hell-fire
• (?????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?????)
• The first part Complete your ablution is not
  from the Prophet (pbuh), actually Abu Hurayrah
  said it. It was clarified in the other version
  collected by Al-Imam Albukahree through Adam from
  Shubah from Mohamed ibn Zeyad Complete your
  ablution, because Abee Al-Qasim (pbuh) said Woe
  to the heels from the fire A group of narrators
  transmitted this hadith from Shubah the way Adam
  did.

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2nd Type

• ( ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????
  ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????)
• ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????
• The word ?????? is mudraj from Azouhri as an
  explanation to the word ?????