Digestants

1
Digestants Drugs Affecting Gallbladder

• Promote the process of digestion in GI tract
• pancrealipase (Pancrease) - contains digestive
  enzymes
• Side effect nausea, abd. cramps, loose stools
• Take before or with meals
• ursodiol (Actigall) dissolves radiolucent
  noncalcified gallstones
• Side effect N V

2
Antacids

• Drugs that buffer, neutralize or absorb
  hydrochloric acid in the stomach
• Should be taken 1 hour after meals _at_ bedtime
• Watch for drug interactions
• Magnesium (MOM) - diarrhea
• Aluminum carbonate (Amphojel) - constipation
• Maalox (aluminum hydroxide with magnesium)

3
Peptic Ulcer Treatment

• Multi-drug treatment
• Usually 2 antibiotics a proton pump inhibitor
  or histamine blocking agent then add bismuth
  subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol

4
Cytoprotective Agents

• Sucralfate (Carafate) tx duodenal ulcer
• forms a protective, acid-resistant shield in the
  ulcer crater
• give one hour before meals at bedtime
• Do Not Chew the Tablet
• Administer antacids within 30 minutes before or
  after
• Side effect constipation

5
Proton Pump Inhibitors

• Blocks the final step of acid production
  decreases acid production
• lansoprazole (Prevacid) side effect/diarrhea
• omeprazole (Prilosec) side effect/diarrhea
  headache
• Swallow capsule whole take before meals
• Tx GERD, gastric ulcer, H. pylori

6
H2 Receptor Antagonists

• Activation of H2 receptors increases gastric acid
  secretion so these drugs block this activation
• cimetidine (Tagamet) tx peptic duodenal
  ulcer, GERD, hypersecretory conditions
  generally well tolerated drug
• ranitidine (Zantac)
• famotidine (Pepcid)
• nizatidine (Axid)

7
Antiflatulents

• Simethicone (Mylicon)
• Defoaming agent- causes gas bubbles to unite
• Relieves flatulence by dispensing and preventing
  the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in
  the GI tract

8
Gastrointestinal Stimulant

• Increases ACH increases peristalsis tx
  diabetic gastric stasis
• antiemetic
• Metoclopramide (Reglan)
• AE drowsiness depression Parkinson-like
  symptoms
• When to give

9
Antiemtics

• Prevent or relieve N V, used with chemotherapy
  postop
• May exert effect on vomiting center, cerebral
  cortex, chemoreceptors trigger zone or vestibular
  apparatus
• Side effect headache, constipation malaise
• ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran)

10
Laxatives

• Do not give with undiagnosed abdominal pain
• Better to treat with increase fluids, vegetables,
  fruits bran products
• Laxative abuse
• Saline (MOM)
• Stimulant (Dulcolax, Ex-Lax)
• Bulk Forming (Metamucil)

11
Laxatives (cont.)

• Lubricant (Mineral Oil)
• Stool Softener (Colace)
• Hyperosmotic (Lactulose GoLYTELY)

12
Antidiarrheal Agents

• Adsorbents coats wall of GI tract, absorb
  bacteria or toxins causing the diarrhea passing
  then out with stool (Kaopectate)
• Pepto-Bismol - promotes absorption of fluids
  has antimicrobial effect
• diphenoxylate HCL with Atropine (Lomotil),
  synthetic narcotic, meperedine