Evolution 100

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Evolution 100

• Caytonia is an extinct plant that existed between
  200 and 140 million years ago. It had
  reproductive structures that resemble structures
  in modern flowering plants. How do scientists
  know about the structures of this extinct plant?
• Scientists study the DNA sequences of Caytonia
• Scientists genetically engineer modern plants to
  produce Caytonia
• Scientists excavate and examine the fossilized
  remains of Caytonia
• Scientists observe the adaptations of plants in
  habitats resembling those of Caytonia

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Evolution 200

• European rabbits were introduced to Australia in
  1859. The rabbits reproduced rapidly in their new
  habitat, displaced other animals, and overgrazed
  vegetation. In an attempt to reduce the rabbit
  population, a virus was introduced in 1951. This
  virus is usually deadly to European rabbits. When
  the virus was first introduced, the rabbits died
  in large numbers, but the death rate decreased
  over time. Which of the following best explains
  the decrease in the rabbit death rate?
• Young rabbits learned to avoid being infected
  with this virus.
• Natural selection favored rabbits that are
  resistant to this virus.
• The lifespan of this virus is too short to affect
  rabbits over a long period of time
• The rabbits that were originally infected with
  this virus have been dead for many years.

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Evolution 300

• In a mouse population inhabiting a grassland
  area, a mutation occurs that results in a new
  coat color allele. Which of the following factors
  has the greatest effect on whether the new coat
  color will become more common in the mouse
  population?
• a. whether abundant food is available in the
  grassland
• b. whether the new coat color allele is dominant
  or recessive
• c. whether the rate of reproduction in the mouse
  population is stable
• d. whether the new coat color allele increases
  the survival of mice in their environment

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Evolution 400

• Similar structures are present in the embryos of
  fish, chickens, and rabbits. In fish, these
  structures develop into gills, but in chickens
  and rabbits, they either disappear or develop
  into other body parts later in embryonic
  development. Which of the statements below best
  explains the presence of these structures in the
  embryos of all three species?
• The embryos of the three species are similar in
  size
• Breathing structures are similar among the young
  of the three species
• The three species have a common ancestor with
  these embryonic structures.
• The reproductive mechanisms are similar among the
  adults of the different species

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Evolution 500

• Fossils show vestigial pelvic bones of some
  modern day baleen whales and vestigial hind limb
  bones of many extinct whale species. The presence
  of these bones in the baleen whale and extinct
  whale provides evidence of which of the
  following?
• Whales can travel on land when necessary
• b. Whales evolved from four-legged animals
• Whales have functional legs that are hidden by
  fat and skin
• Whales are developing into animals with four
  functioning limbs

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Evolution 100

• Some willow trees alter the chemical composition
  of their leaves when attacked by caterpillars.
  Compared to normal leaves, the chemically altered
  leaves are less nutritious and are more difficult
  for caterpillars to digest. Which of the
  following is a likely effect of this ability to
  alter leaf composition?
• Willow trees with this ability will attract more
  caterpillars than other willow trees
• Willow trees with this ability will have a
  survival advantage over other willow trees
• More butterflies will lay their eggs on willow
  trees with this ability than on other willow
  trees.
• Caterpillars that feed on willow trees with this
  ability will be larger than caterpillars on other
  willow trees.

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Evolution 200

• There are two types of modern whales toothed
  whales and baleen whales. Baleen whales filter
  plankton from the water using baleen, plates made
  of fibrous proteins that grow from the roof of
  their mouths. The embryos of baleen whales have
  teeth in their upper jaws. As the embryos
  develop, the teeth are replaced with baleen.
  Which of the following conclusions is best
  supported by this information?
• Primitive whales had teeth as adults
• Toothed whales descended from baleen whales
• Baleen whales are evolving into toothed whales.
• Descendants of modern baleen whales will have
  both teeth and baleen as adults

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Evolution 300

• During the fall reproductive season, the belly of
  a male brook trout becomes bright orange. The
  orange belly provides some camouflage and helps
  attract females. This trait evolved in brook
  trout because, compared to males with pale
  bellies, males with bright orange bellies are
  more likely to
• a) live in good habitats
• b) be eaten by predators
• c) mate with other species of fish
• d) fertilize eggs to produce offspring

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Transcription 400
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Transcription 500
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Speciation 100

• The first step in the formation of new species
  is
• isolation of different parts of a population
• Changes in the gene pool
• Inability to produce fertile offspring with each
  other

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Speciation 200

• When a population is separated by a river,
  mountain range, or ocean it is referred to as
• Temporal isolation
• Reproductive isolation
• Geographic isolation
• Behavioral isolation

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Speciation 300

• There are many different types of field crickets
  in the northeastern US. One type breeds in the
  spring and another cricket breeds only in the
  fall. This is an example of
• Temporal isolation
• Behavioral isolation
• Geographic isolation
• All of the above

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Speciation 400

• Which of the following statements about gene
  pools are correct?
• Small gene pools offer more genetic diversity
• There is a better chance of finding beneficial
  genes in a large gene pool
• Small gene pools enable a population to better
  survive a climate change or disease
• Dominant alleles are always more common in any
  gene pool

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Speciation 500

• On island chains like the one shown
• to the right, animal populations that spread
• from the main island to the other islands
• can evolve into separate species.
• Which of the following best explains
• how speciation can occur in these
• situations?
• a) predators on the main island can easily
  migrate to follow the populations to the other
  islands
• b) Lack of disease on the other islands enables
  the populations to grow and change without limit
• c) The physical separation of the islands limits
  gene flow and interbreeding between the
  populations
• d) The climatic conditions of the islands allow
  the populations to breed all year and produce
  several generations

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Taxonomy 100

• Based on the information above, which two mammals
  are the most closely related
• 1 and 2
• 2 and 4
• 3 and 4
• 1 and 3

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Taxonomy 200

• Blue jays and the kingbirds are both classified
  in the order Passeriformes. In the current
  taxonomic system, this means that the two types
  of birds must also belong to the same
• a) family
• b) genus
• c) phylum
• d) species

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Misc 300

• Which of the following mutations in the DNA code
  TACGGATCT would result in the greatest change in
  the protein that would result?
• Changing the first T to a C
• Inserting a G between the first two bases
• Changing the third base to a T
• Switching the last base from a T to an A

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Misc 400

• If a DNA segment is changed from ATTGTGCCG to
  ACTTGTGCCG what type of mutation has occurred?
• Point mutation
• Deletion
• Insertion
• There is no mutation

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Misc 500