EVIDENCE OF CREATION AND SUPERNATURAL DESIGN IN CONTEMPORARY BIG BANG COSMOLOGY

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EVIDENCE OF CREATION AND SUPERNATURAL DESIGN
INCONTEMPORARY BIG BANG COSMOLOGY

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EVIDENCE OF CREATION IN CONTEMPORARYBIG BANG
COSMOLOGY

• Early Indications of Creation
• A. Einsteingeneral theory of relativity
• B. Hubblered shifts
• C. Penzias and Wilson2.7? K uniformly
• distributed radiation

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• Evidence of A Singularity Part I
• Hawking-Penrose Singularity
• Five Conditions Requiring a Singularity
• The Edge of Time
• Requires Causative Force Transcending Space-Time
  Asymmetry

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In 1980, Hawking wrote, a curvature singularity
that will intersect every world line makes
general relativity predict a beginning of
time. ---Hawking, Stephen. 1980.
Theoretical Advances in General Relativity. In
H. Woolf (ed.), Some Strangeness in the
Proportion. (Reading, MA Addison-Wesley).
p.149.
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• Evidence of A Singularity Part II
• Pre-GTR Considerations
• A. A Pre-Big-Bang Era and Quantum
• Cosmology
• B. A Pre-Big-Bang Era and String Theory
• C. The Inescapability of a Singularity (or
• Singularities) in PBB Era (Hawking, Hertog,
• and Turok).
• D. Time Asymmetry in the Pre-Big-Bang Era
• (Penrose)

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...Even the conventional viewpoint tells us
that it should be quantum gravity that will come
to the aid of the classical theory of general
relativity and resolve the riddle of space-time
singularities. However, theorists do not seem
to have come much to terms with the striking fact
that quantum gravitys mark is blatantly
time-asymmetrical! At the big bang the past
singularity quantum gravity must tell us that a
condition something like WEYL 0 must hold, at
the moment that it becomes meaningful to speak in
terms of the classical concepts of space-time
geometry. ---Penrose, Roger. The Emperors New
Mind. (Oxford Oxford University Press). 1989,
p. 350.
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IV. Evidence of A Singularity Part III The
Inflationary Universe A. Description of
Universal Inflation B. The Borde and Vilenkin
Proof C. The Borde-Guth-Vilenkin Proof D. The
Inevitability of An Initial Singularity in all
Inflationary Model Universes with a Hubble
Expansion Greater than Zero
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Our argument shows that null and time
like geodesics are, in general,
past-incomplete (requiring a beginning) in
inflationary models, whether or not energy
conditions hold, provided only that the averaged
expansion condition Hav gt 0 hold along these
past-directed geodesics. This is a stronger
conclusion than the one arrived at in previous
work in that we have shown under reasonable
assumptions that almost all causal geodesics,
when extended to the past of an arbitrary point,
reach the boundary of the inflating region of
spacetime in a finite proper time. ---Borde,
Arvind Guth, Alan and Vilenkin, Alexander.
2003. Inflationary Spacetimes are Not
Past-Complete, in Physical Review Letters (Vol.
90, No. 15, p. 151301-3).
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Our argument can be straightforwardly extended
to cosmology in higher dimensions. For example,
in the model of Ref. 19 brane worlds are
created in collisions of bubbles nucleating in an
inflating higher-dimensional bulk spacetime.
Our analysis implies that the inflating bulk
cannot be past-complete implying a singularity.
We finally comment on the cyclic Universe
model in which a bulk of four spatial dimensions
is sandwiched between two three-dimensional
branes. In some versions of the cyclic model
the brane spacetimes are everywhere expanding,
so our theorem immediately implies the existence
of a past boundary at which boundary conditions
must be imposed. In other versions, there are
brief periods of contraction, but the net result
of each cycle is an expansion. Thus, as long
as Hav gt 0 for a null geodesic when averaged over
one cycle, then Hav gt 0 for any number of cycles,
and our theorem would imply that the geodesic is
incomplete implying a singularity. ---Borde,
Arvind Guth, Alan and Vilenkin, Alexander.
2003. Inflationary Spacetimes are Not
Past-Complete, in Physical Review Letters (Vol.
90, No. 15, p. 151301-3)
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EVIDENCE OF SUPERNATURAL DESIGN IN BIG BANG
COSMOLOGY
I. The Penrose Number In order to produce a
universe resembling the one in which we live, the
Creator would have to aim for an absurdly tiny
volume of the phase space of possible
universesabout one part in 1010123 of the entire
volume, for the situation under
consideration. ---Penrose, Roger. 1989 The
Emperors New Mind. (Oxford Oxford University
Press). p. 343.
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• Supernatural Design The Gravitational and Weak
  Force Constants
• If G, or gw, differed from their actual values
  by even one part in 1050, the precise balance
  against ?bare would be upset, and the structure
  of the universe would be drastically altered.
  If ? were several orders of magnitude greater,
  the expansion of the universe would be explosive,
  and it is doubtful if galaxies could ever have
  formed against such a disruptive force. If ?
  were negative, the explosion would be replaced by
  a catastrophic collapse of the universe. It is
  truly extraordinary that such dramatic effects
  would result from changes in the strength of
  either gravity, or the weak force, of less than
  one part in 1040.
• ---Davies, Paul. 1982 The Accidental Universe.
  (New York
• Cambridge University Press. pp. 107-108.

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III. The Advent of Carbon Had the resonance
level in the carbon been 4 percent lower, there
would be essentially no carbon. Had that level
in the oxygen been only half a percent higher,
virtually all of the carbon would have been
converted to oxygen. Without that carbon
abundance, none of us would be here now. I am
told that Fred Hoyle, who together with William
Fowler first noticed the remarkable arrangement
of carbon and oxygen nuclear resonances, has said
that nothing has shaken his atheism as much as
this discovery. ---Gingerich, Owen. 2000.
Do the Heavens Declare. In The Book of the
Cosmos. Ed by Dennis Richard Danielson.
(Cambridge, MA Perseus Publishing).pp. 524-25.