Taking Apart The Story

1
Taking Apart The Story

• Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality

2
Intersectionality
Realm of Social Interaction
Representational Realm
Social Structural Realm
3
Intersections ofRace, Class, Gender, and
Sexuality

• Representational Realm
• The representational realm includes the symbols,
  language, and images that convey meanings in a
  sociocultural system.
• Social Interactional Realm
• Social interaction refers to the norms and
  behaviors observable in human relations in a
  sociocultural system.
• Social Structural Realm
• The social structural realm involves the
  institutional sites where power and resources are
  controlled and distributed in a sociocultural
  system.

4
Conceptualizing

• Essentialism A perspective that argues that
  members of a segment of a population share
  essential biological and psychological
  characteristics. These characteristics are argued
  to be uniform and unalterable.
• Constructionism A perspective that argues that
  differences and similarities among and between
  members of segments of a population are created
  through socio-econo-political processes of
  socialization (enculturation).

5
Conceptualizing

• The Categorization Process (The Creation of the
  Other)
• 1) Naming (Defining) -Imposing -Asserting -Rec
  laiming
• 2) Aggregating/Disaggregating -Lumping and
  dissecting
• 3) Dichotomizing (polarizing) -Creating master
  and subordinate categories in the form of
  _________None-______
• 4) Stigmatizing (dehumanizing, objectifying) -Thr
  ough the use of stereotypes in different venues

6
Conceptualizing

• The Matrix of Domination To borrow Marilyn
  Fryes (1983) words, the Matrix of Domination
  refers to a network of forces and barriers which
  are systematically related and which conspire to
  the immobilization, reduction, and molding of
  the oppressed. In other words, in the U.S.A.
  stratified society Race, Gender, Sexuality,
  Worldview, and Class constitute the multifaceted,
  intertwined, and fluid system of oppression and
  domination. While some dimensions are more
  forceful than others, good analysis cannot be
  done with isolating and compartmentalizing these
  dimensions.

7
Conceptualizing

• The Matrix of Domination
• -Racism -Sexism - Cissexism -Hetrosexism
  -Ageism -Classism -Other isms?

8
Conceptualizing Race

• Biological Race A product of the Speciation
  process where members of a segment of a
  population no longer interbreeds with members of
  the other segment of the population (no gene
  flow) for a long period of time. The result would
  be biological races (species, subspecies) that
  are characterized by distinctive gene frequencies
  and can no longer interbreed. Contemporary humans
  are members of one species homo sapiens sapiens.

9
Conceptualizing Race

• Social Race A product of the Categorization
  process (The Creation of the Other) where members
  of a segment of the population are perceived, or
  claim, to share essential biological and
  psychological characteristics that are distinct
  from members of other segments of the population,
  hence labeled accordingly. Social Race is a
  constructed socio-econo-political system.

10
Conceptualizing Ethnicity

• Ethnicity A product of the Categorization
  process (The Creation of the Other) where members
  of a segment of the population are perceived, or
  claim, to share common ancestry, distinctive
  linguistic, religious, and/or other cultural
  practices that are distinct from members of other
  segments of the population, hence labeled
  accordingly. Ethnicity is a constructed
  socio-econo-political system.

11
Conceptualizing Whiteness

• Whiteness In the context of the social
  construction of Race, Whiteness refers to the
  unearned, yet enjoyed, accumulated differential
  advantages at someone elses expense. When
  confronted, one may take responsibility, or one
  may invoke guilt, shame, fear, helplessness,
  denial, .

12
Ethnocentrism ? Prejudice? Discrimination?
Genocide/Culturecide

• Ethnocentrism (Mental)
• The naturalness of ones own group in terms of
  values, beliefs, and behavior vis-à-vis other
  groups
• Prejudice (Expressive)
• The use of verbal/written stereotypes in
  articulating ethnocentrism
• Discrimination (Behavioral)
• The implementation of Prejudice in terms of
  accumulated advantages and disadvantages. This is
  done at both the individual and institutional
  levels. It is also done overtly and covertly.
• Racism, Sexism, Classism, Heterosexism, Ageism
• At the individual level, anyone, regardless of
  the group, can discriminate (i.e be a racist,
  sexist, etc.). At the institutional level,
  however, the dominant group, regardless of
  individuals intentions, is the only one that is
  capable of racism, sexism, etc.
• Genocide/Culturecide (Behavioral)
• The physical/cultural elimination of a
  group of people.

13
Racism

• Discrimination against individuals and/or groups
  based on the socially constructed category of
  Race.This is done at both the individual and
  institutional levels. It is also done overtly and
  covertly.
• At the individual level, anyone, regardless of
  the group, can discriminate (i.e. be a racist).
  At the institutional level, however, the dominant
  group, regardless of individuals intentions, is
  the only one that is capable of racism.

14
Conceptualizing Gender/Sexuality

• Biological Sex Refers to an individuals
  chromosomes, hormones, interior and exterior sex
  organs, body build, size of breasts, and fat
  deposits. According to Fausto-Sterling (1993),
  there are at least five Biological Sexes among
  Humans Hermaphrodites, Female pseudo-hermaphrodit
  es, Male pseudo-hermaphrodites, Females, and
  Males.

15
Conceptualizing Gender/Sexuality

• Transsexualism Identifying with a gender
  different from the one with which one is assigned
  by the culture and utilizing scientific medicine
  to accomplish that identification.

16
Conceptualizing Gender/Sexuality

• Gender Refers to the socially constructed
  beliefs, characteristics, roles, and expectations
  that are imposed on Biological Sex. Gender is a
  product of the Categorization process (The
  Creation of the Other) where members of the same
  Biological Sex are perceived, or claim, to share
  essential biological and psychological
  characteristics that are distinct from members of
  other Biological Sexes, hence labeled
  accordingly. Gender is a constructed
  socio-econo-political system (man/woman,
  boy/girl).

17
Conceptualizing Gender/Sexuality

• Transgenderism Identifying with a gender
  different from the one with which one is assigned
  by the culture without utilizing scientific
  medicine to accomplish that identification.

18
Conceptualizing Gender/Sexuality

• Manness In the context of the social
  construction of Gender, Manness refers to the
  unearned, yet enjoyed, accumulated differential
  advantages at someone elses expense. When
  confronted, one may take responsibility, or one
  may invoke guilt, shame, fear, helplessness,
  denial, .

19
Ethnocentrism ? Prejudice? Discrimination?
Genocide/Culturecide

• Ethnocentrism (Mental)
• The naturalness of ones own group in terms of
  values, beliefs, and behavior vis-à-vis other
  groups
• Prejudice (Expressive)
• The use of verbal/written stereotypes in
  articulating ethnocentrism
• Discrimination (Behavioral)
• The implementation of Prejudice in terms of
  accumulated advantages and disadvantages. This is
  done at both the individual and institutional
  levels. It is also done overtly and covertly.
• Racism, Sexism, Classism, Heterosexism, Ageism
• At the individual level, anyone, regardless of
  the group, can discriminate (i.e be a racist,
  sexist, etc.). At the institutional level,
  however, the dominant group, regardless of
  individuals intentions, is the only one that is
  capable of racism, sexism, etc.
• Genocide/Culturecide (Behavioral)
• The physical/cultural elimination of a
  group of people.

20
Sexism and Cissexism

• Discrimination against individuals and/or groups
  based on the socially constructed category of
  Gender.This is done at both the individual and
  institutional levels. It is also done overtly and
  covertly.
• At the individual level, anyone, regardless of
  the group, can discriminate (i.e. be a
  sexist/cissexist). At the institutional level,
  however, the dominant group, regardless of
  individuals intentions, is the only one that is
  capable of sexism cissexism.

21
Conceptualizing Worldview

• Worldview A cultural perspective of how the
  world works and the role and location of the
  individual in the world. A worldview has
  religious and secular components.
• Religious component is based on the belief that
  there exist entities beyond the material world
  (souls, gods, goddesses, ghosts, etc)
• Secular component refers to the none religious
  aspects of a worldview
• All cultures have both components and differ on
  the degree which component is dominant.