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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 4th Ed

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Title: Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 4th Ed


1
Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (4th Ed)
  • Chapter 13
  • Therapy
  • James A. McCubbin, PhD
  • Clemson University
  • Worth Publishers

2
Therapy
  • Psychotherapy
  • an emotionally charged, confiding interaction
    between a trained therapist and someone who
    suffers from psychological difficulties
  • Eclectic Approach
  • an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on
    the clients problems, uses or integrates
    techniques from various forms of therapy (Also
    called psychotherapy integration)

3
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Freud believed the patients free associations,
    resistances, dreams, and transferences and the
    therapists interpretations of them released
    previously repressed feelings, allowing the
    patient to gain self-insight
  • use has rapidly decreased in recent years
  • Resistance
  • blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden
    material

4
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
  • Interpretation
  • the analysts noting supposed dream meanings,
    resistances, and other significant behaviors in
    order to promote insight
  • Transference
  • the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions
    linked with other relationships
  • e.g. love or hatred for a parent

5
Humanist Therapy
  • Person-Centered Therapy
  • humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers
  • therapist uses techniques such as active
    listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic
    environment to facilitate clients growth
  • Active Listening
  • empathic listening in which the listener echoes,
    restates, and clarifies

6
Behavior Therapy
  • Behavior Therapy
  • therapy that applies learning principles to the
    elimination of unwanted behaviors
  • Counterconditioning
  • procedure that conditions new responses to
    stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
  • based on classical conditioning
  • includes systematic desensitization and aversive
    conditioning

7
Behavior Therapy
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • type of counterconditioning
  • associates a pleasant, relaxed state with
    gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
  • commonly used to treat phobias
  • Aversive Conditioning
  • type of counterconditioning that associates an
    unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
  • nausea ---gt alcohol

8
Behavior Therapy
  • Systematic Desensitization

9
Behavior Therapy
  • Aversion therapy for alcoholics

CS UCS (drug in alcohol)
CR (nausea)
CS (alcohol)
CR (nausea)
10
Behavior Therapy
  • Token Economy
  • an operant conditioning procedure that rewards
    desired behavior
  • patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned
    for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
    privileges or treats

11
Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapy
  • teaches people new, more adaptive ways of
    thinking and acting
  • based on the assumption that thoughts intervene
    between events and our emotional reactions

12
Cognitive Therapy
  • The Cognitive Revolution

13
Cognitive Therapy
  • Rational-Emotive Therapy
  • confrontational cognitive therapy developed by
    Albert Ellis
  • vigorously challenges peoples illogical,
    self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
  • also called rational-emotive behavior therapy by
    Ellis, emphasizing a behavioral homework
    component

14
Cognitive Therapy
  • A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders

15
Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitive therapy for depression

16
Group Therapies
  • Family Therapy
  • treats the family as a system
  • views an individuals unwanted behaviors as
    influenced by or directed at other family members
  • encourages family members toward positive
    relationships and improved communication

17
Who Does Therapy?
  • To whom do people turn for help for psychological
    difficulties?

18
Who Does Therapy?
19
Does Therapy Work?
  • Meta-analysis
  • procedure for statistically combining the results
    of many different research studies

20
Biomedical Therapies
  • Psychopharmacology
  • study of the effects of drugs on mind and
    behavior
  • Lithium
  • chemical that provides an effective drug therapy
    for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive)
    disorders

21
Biomedical Therapies
22
Biomedical Therapies
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
  • therapy for severely depressed patients in which
    a brief electric current is sent through the
    brain of an anesthetized patient
  • Psychosurgery
  • surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in
    an effort to change behavior
  • lobotomy
  • now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to
    calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

23
Biomedical Therapies
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