Do Now

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Do Now

• Get out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward.
• Take this practice matching quiz on your new Do
  Now sheet.

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The Pax Romana
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The Roman Empire

• Augustus Caesar aka Octavian, sets up Roman
  Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.
• Creates many reforms like
• Civil service system people of all classes can
  have jobs.
• Set up uniform rule of law
• Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads
• Created common coinage - make trade easier.
• PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome

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The Pax Romana

• Augustus reign started 200 year period known as
  Pax Romana Roman peace.
• 27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.
• ONLY INSTABILITY was transfer of power - law
  didnt provide easy succession of Emperors.

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Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)

• Often said Emperor Augustus, Found Rome a city
  of brick and left it a city of marble.
• Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial
  authority and strong military.

http//www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1image
s/augustus.jpg
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The Julian Emperors

• Augustus dies in AD 14.
• 4 emperors who follow are the Julian emperors
  all related to Julius Caesar.

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Tiberius (14-37 A.D.)

• Very unpopular
• Known for making poor decisions and for attacking
  his enemies.
• Said that ruling Rome was like holding a wolf by
  its ears.

http//www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.
html
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Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.)

• Caligula takes over in AD 37.
• Grand- nephew to Tiberius
• Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed
• Names his horse to be a consul.
• Praetorian Guard assassinated Crazy Caligula in
  AD 41.

http//www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/p
ortraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/calig
u4.JPG
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Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.)

• Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.
  
• Very smart, great leader.
• His humility made him very popular
• Dies in AD 54
• Stepson Nero takes the throne

http//www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.
html
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Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.)

• Got the crazy genes from Caligula.
• Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.
• Persecuted Christians
• What does persecute mean?
• Neglected duties, became fearful he would be
  killed, and committed suicide in AD 68.

http//www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html
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Confusion and Chaos

• In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (The Year of
  the Four Emperors).
• Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69.
  (rules for ten years)
• Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military.
• Sons Titus and Domitian take over.

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Vespasian(69-79 A.D.)

• Pivotal moment The first emperor not related to
  the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved
  imperial power by the support of the armies and
  via a special law enacted to confer authority on
  him.

http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romesp
ivotalemperors_gallery_02.shtml
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The Good Emperors

• Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.
• Include
• Nerva appointed by Senate, popular with
  people, not with military
• Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches
• Hadrian Builds Wall across north Britain to
  protect against invaders.
• Secured the Roman borders.
• Antoninus Pius
• Marcus Aurelius Respected scholar
• - His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana

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Hadrian

• 117-138 A.D.

http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romesp
ivotalemperors_gallery_03.shtml
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Hadrians Wall
http//www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadri
ans-wall.gif
http//www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/
hw_housesteads_03.jpg
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Marcus Aurelius

• ?Born 121 AD
• Reigned 161 - 180 AD

http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romesp
ivotalemperors_gallery_04.shtml
http//skyscraper.fortunecity.com/quantum/773/foto
s/gladiator6.jpg
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Summary

• The emperor was what he did.
• Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a
  leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.
• Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that
  Augustus never set up clear standards for
  succession of power.
• The emperor answered first and foremost to the
  military.

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The End of the Pax Romana

• A succession of weak leaders and civil wars
  follows as Rome begins its slow decline.

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Reflection

• After learning about some of the emperors, the
  Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do
  you think it carried that name?