Leveraging eSolutions for Good Governance: A Suggestive Institutional Framework for eGovernance in I

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Leveraging e-Solutions for Good GovernanceA
Suggestive Institutional Framework for
e-Governance in India

• 8th National Conference on e-Governance
• Bhubaneswar, February 3 - 5, 2005
• Dr. P. K. Mohanty, IAS
• Director General Executive Director
• Centre for Good Governance, Hyderabad

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The Globalising World

• Fewer trade and investment restrictions and lower
  tariffs
• Growth of trade in merchandise and services,
  foreign direct investment and movement of people
  
• Advances in Information and Communication
  Technology (ICT) and the rise of the Internet
• Decline in transport and communication costs
• Rise of the tertiary economy and growth in
  services
• Importance of skill and knowledge-based
  industries in growth
• Tradability of services - integrated production
  networks
• Business process outsourcing with offshoring of
  corporate service functions and
• Integration of world financial markets.

3
The ICT Revolution Emerging Challenges for
Governments

• Creating Network Readiness
• Bridging Digital Divide
• Addressing Legal Complexities
• Managing Knowledge
• Managing Information
• Managing Globalisation
• Managing Change

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Role of Government in ICT

• G1 Laying ICT infrastructure, producing ICT
  equipment, financing public RD
• G2 Creating the macroeconomic environment for
  growth and innovation in ICT, including fiscal
  policies (cost, innovation, investment, venture
  capital), legal and regulatory environment
  (competition, independent regulator, rule of law,
  intellectual property protection) and channeling
  and mobilizing resources for ICT
• G3 Education policy for the right amount and
  quality of manpower resources for a network-ready
  economy curricula, ICT training facilities,
  wiring/networking of educational institutions

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Role of Government in ICT
Contd...

• G4 Addressing digital divide domestically and
  internationally, giving signals to markets
  articulating a national vision of ICT, according
  national priority to ICT, undertaking large
  cross-cutting projects, championing national
  interests in international forums
• G5 e-Government services online,
  e-procurement, trade facilitation, civil society
  participation, accelerating the adoption of ICT
  by government departments and agencies and
  establishing credibility.

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ICT and Good GovernanceAvenues for ICT
Application

• e-Government Inter-organizational relationships,
  including policy coordination, policy
  implementation and public service delivery.
• e-Administration Intra-organizational
  relationships, policy development,
  organizational activities and knowledge
  management.
• e-Governance Interaction between citizens,
  government organizations, public and elected
  officials, including democratic processes, open
  government and transparent decision-making.

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Implementing ICT in GovernmentKey Success
Parameters

• Process Reform
• Plan carefully streamline and consolidate
  offline processes before putting them online.
• Don't automate inefficiencies eliminate them.
• Respond to local needs draw on the ideas of
  those who will use the system and enlist their
  support.
• Try to focus projects from the user perspective.
• Dispel resistance of civil servants by
  training/incentives to support reform.
• Ensure commitment of resources for the long-term.

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Implementing ICT in GovernmentKey Success
Parameters
Contd...

• Leadership
• Create an office and designate a senior official
  as a focal point for e-government innovation,
  planning and oversight.
• Signal highest political support for the
  e-initiative to ensure that all relevant
  departments and agencies support it.
• Strategic Investment.
• Define clear goals.
• Catalogue available resources, ranging from
  funding to personnel.
• Make short and long-term plans, with expected
  expenditures, income streams and deadlines.
• Designate an officer or body to oversee planning
  and budgets.
• Consider multi-technology approaches.
• Consult with local communities to ensure that
  they benefit from technology.

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Implementing ICT in GovernmentKey Success
Parameters
Contd...

• Collaboration
• In the planning phase, establish a consultative
  process that includes opportunities to hear from
  and speak with business, NGO's and other
  government agencies.
• Explain the goals of e-initiative and solicit
  suggestions.
• Take private sector advice and experience into
  account when designing

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Some Statistics on ICT in India

• IT contributes around 2 per cent of Indias GDP
  compared to 7 per cent in China and 5 per cent in
  Malaysia
• PC penetration 6 per 1,000 people, compared to
  16 per 1,000 people in China, 69 per 1,000 in
  Malaysia and 22 per 1,000 in Thailand
• Internet penetration 1.7 per cent of the
  population in India (2004 estimate) as against 69
  per cent (USA) and 6.8 per cent (China)
• Access to Broadband Network 0.019 per 100 in
  India, 0.4 per 100 in Malaysia, 1.4 per 100 in
  China and 25 per 100 in South Korea
• Cost of Internet connectivity - 15.63 per 100
  Kbps per month in India, 0.25 in South Korea and
  3.07 in China
• Total spending on IT in the Indian Economy
  about 1 per cent of GDP compared to 5 per cent in
  USA.

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e-Governance Projects in IndiaChallenges in
Implementation

• Infrastructure Development
• Law and Public Policy
• Digital Divide
• e-Literacy
• Accessibility
• Trust
• Privacy
• Security
• Transparency

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e-Governance Projects in IndiaChallenges in
Implementation
Contd...

• Standards and Interoperability
• Records Management
• Permanent Availability and Preservation
• Education and Marketing
• Public/Private Competition/Collaboration
• Workforce Issues
• Cost Structures
• Benchmarking/Qualitative Methods
• Change Management

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e-Governance in India Lessons from Past
Experience

• Strong domain knowledge is critical for the
  success and sustainability of applications
• Lack of ownership and coordination in the
  government
• Partial approaches have been adopted to both
  development and implementation of e-solutions
• Everything in government is linked with every
  other thing- silos approach not desirable
• Data standards, meta data standards and service
  delivery definitions are very important for
  inter-operability
• Back-end is more important than the front-end
• Support infrastructure is critically important
  for e-governance implementation.

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e-Governance in India Lessons from Past
Experience
Contd...

• Top-down approaches hardly sustain Involvement
  of all key stakeholders is crucial
• Very difficult on part of governments to retain
  quality professionals with ICT expertise
• Development and implementation Champions needed
• Training, awareness building, social mobilisation
  and change management programmes essential
• Involvement of the civil society including
  academia from development to implementation
• General ICT literacy with local language content
  and application
• Resistance to the use of IT in the government
  sector is large well designed Change Management
  Programmes required to address the mindset.

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Holistic Approach to e-Governance in India
Expert Group Recommendations

• National Portal of India
• National Agenda for e-Governance
• ICT Infrastructure
• Manpower and Skill
• National Payment Gateway
• Mediated Services, Multi-purpose e-Kiosks
• National Information Services Board (NISB)

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities

• Government of India
• Ministry of Information Technology
• National ICT Policy
• National e-Governance Agenda Country
  e-Governance Framework
• Single web-based front-end for all State Sector
  Services National Portal of India, Single
  Window Access to Information, Service Delivery
  and National Payment Gateway
• National e-Technology Centre
• National Board-band Network right upto village
  level
• e-Governance Standards Metadata Standards
• National Projects Internet Villages, Rural
  Kiosks
• e-Governance Assessment Framework
• National Information Services Board

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
Contd...

• Government of India
• Ministry of Personnel
• Comprehensive Human Resource Management System
• National Centre for Good Governance in
  Collaboration with Inter-State Council, NDC
• Performance Management Application across all
  Departments
• National Governance Report
• Ministry of Finance
• Integrated Financial Information System

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
Contd...

• Government of India
• Ministry of Human Resources Development
• Developing sound IT infrastructure in Schools
  Colleges
• IT for Research Development in Educational
  Institutions
• Welfare Ministries
• Social Benefit Management Information System
  (SBMIS)
• Other Ministries
• Standard MIS (e.g e-Works, e-Agriculture,
  e-District)

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
Contd...

• State Government
• Information Technology Department
• State ICT Policy
• ICT Infrastructure State Broad Band Network
• State Portal and Payment Gateway
• State Information Services Board
• State e-Technology and Data Centre
• State Call Centre
• Core e-Governance Applications Cross-cutting
  Areas, e.g. Multi-purpose Household Survey, Land
  Records, etc.
• Chief Information Officers Programme and Training

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
Contd...

• State Government
• General Administration Department
• Comprehensive Human Resources Management System
  for all State Government Departments
• State Centre for Good Governance
• Performance Management System across all
  Departments
• Finance Department
• State Level Integrated Financial Information
  System
• Welfare Departments
• Social Benefit Management Information System
  (SBMIS)

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A Framework for Effective e-Governance in India
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities
Contd...

• State Government
• Other Departments
• Departmental e-Applications
• Department Information Technology Officer
• Districts
• District e-Applications
• District Information Technology Officer
• Knowledge Centres
• Local Bodies (Municipalities Panchayatiraj
  Bodies)
• e-Municipalities and e-Panchayats
• Knowledge Centres

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Centre for Good Governance Objectives

• To guide and co-ordinate governance reform
  activities
• To harness knowledge and technology to enable the
• simplification of procedures and processes
  for people-centered governance
• To support the implementation of reforms and
  change management programme to achieve government
  goals and policy priorities
• To translate government goals, objectives and
  policy priorities into tangible reform actions in
  the areas of governance

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Centre for Good Governance Objectives
Contd.

• To identify core issues and areas of change
• management which will make the most impact in
  
• improving performance of the government and
• enable it to better respond to peoples
  needs
• To work with public functionaries and other
  stake-
• holders to analyse key issues in governance,
• identify solutions to plan actions and to
  support
• implementation of reforms
• To identify and codify best practices of
  administrative
• reforms and support their wider
  implementation.

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Centre for Good Governance (AP) Some
Significant Recognitions

• National Awards 2003, Ministry of Personnel,
  Public Grievances Pensions, Govt. of India
• Golden Icon - Best Paper Award on e-Governance
  Initiative
• 5 Other Awards
• Highest number of Awards to an Institution
  nationally
• International Seminar on e-Governance, IIT Delhi
• Best Paper Award based on international
  competition

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Centre for Good Governance (AP)
e-Governance Focus

• Irrigation and Command Area Development- Public
  Works Tracking System and Budgeting Financial
  Management System
• Performance Management Online
• Petition Tracking System
• Legal Caseload Management Online
• Instaxx
• Agriculture Online
• GIS Applications for Water Management and School
  Education

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Centre for Good Governance (AP)
e-Governance Focus

• e-LOC
• pAlleviate Integrated Poverty Alleviation
  Information System
• Online Energy Audit Web Application for
  APTransco
• Customer Service Centre for APTransco
• e-Thesarus for Good Governance
• e-Data Dictionary
• National Food For Works Programme
• e-Municipality, e-District and e-Panchayat

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• ICT for Reinventing Government
• Government is famous for endless figures and
  forms. To an outsider, it seems like an industry
  that pays an enormous amount of attention to
  numbers. People in government are always counting
  something or churning out some statistical
  report. But most of this counting is focused on
  inputs how much is spent, how many are served,
  level of service each person receives. Very
  seldom does it focus on outcomes, on results
• David Osborne and Ted Gaebler Reinventing
  Government, 1992
• ICT Provides Opportunities for Reinventing
  Government

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THANK YOU
Dr. P. K. Mohanty, IAS Director General
Executive Director Centre for Good Governance
Road No. 25 Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra
Pradesh (India) Tel. No. (91- 40- 23541952),
Fax No. (91- 40- 23541953) E-mail
pkmohanty_at_cgg.gov.in, pkmohanty_cgg_at_yahoo.com
www.cgg.gov.in